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Exam 3 SPHP 111 > Outline 11: Larynx > Flashcards

Outline 11: Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is Extrinsic Muscle

A

muscle attatchment is outside the larynx

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2
Q

What is intrinsic Muscle?

A

both origins and insertions are in the larynx

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3
Q

What is chondroitin vitamins?

A

made up of ground cartilage.
strong and tough
withstands a lot of pressure and tension. covers articular of most bones.
Form framework of larynx, ears are cartilage, nose
Ex: Jello

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4
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline
Fibrous
Elastic

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5
Q

What is hyaline?

A 
Most common type of cartilage in body,glassy, rigid. found at the ends of bones. 
Forms septum
tends to calcify
Forms rings of trachea
Bluish white color
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6
Q

What is Fibrous (fribrocartilage)?

A

stiffer cartilage.
found in some joints and ligaments
found in intervertebral disk

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7
Q

What is Elastic?

A

more flexible, stretchy, yellowish in color, in the ear, nose and larynx.

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8
Q

What is the membrane that covers cartilage?

A

perichondria

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9
Q

What are joints?

A

the functional connections between bones
no joints= no movements
muscles are attached at the joints
the shape of the joint can determine type of movement

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10
Q

What are the types of joints?

A

Synarthrodial
amphiarthrodial
synovial

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11
Q

What is synarthrodial?

A 
1st type of joint: not moveable
Roof of your toungue 
pelvic bone
chin
skull
will break before it moves
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12
Q

What is amphiarthrodial?

A

2nd type of joint:slightly moveable
vertebrae
spinal disk works as a unit

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13
Q

What is synovial?

A

3rd type of joint: most common joint in body
encapsulated joints
behind hyaline cartilages
most moveable
constantly produced
fluid filled because it is always stressed

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14
Q

What is Plane or Gliding?

A 
synovial joint type:
1 concave and 1 convect saucer
gliding and sliding
movement between the vertebrae 
so the ribs can move for respiration
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15
Q

what is ginglymus?

A

synovial joint type:
hinge movements
they allow a wide range of movements but only in one plane
EX: elbows and knees

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16
Q

what is pivot?

A

synovial joint type:
process from one bone going through and opening in another bone
Atlas and Axis
pivot head turn

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17
Q

What is condyloid?

A

synovial joint type:
you have a concave surface and a convex surface that fits in it.
larger range of motion for gliding and sliding.
jaw
cannot rotate
an oval surface
rocking and gliding

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18
Q

What is a saddle?

A 
synovial joint type:
even more freely moveable joint 
has a concave and convex but allows a lot of different movements
Ex: joint in thumb
approaching rotation
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19
Q

What is ball and socket?

A 
synovial joint type:
rotation, range of motion in lots of directions
Ex: shoulder and hips
most freely moveable 
moves in every plane
full rotation
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20
Q

Larynx has 3 functions

A

2 biological 1 nonbiological

and has one bone

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21
Q

What are the two biological function of the larynx?

A
  1. The first function is to close your valve, airway to protect you from eating and drinking. (biological)
  2. Holding the torso rigid to get some muscle flow going. Rigid Torso. Responsible for upper body strength, coughing, throwing up, and giving birth. (biological)
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22
Q

What is the one nonbiological function of the larynx?

A
  1. Production of the voice. (nonbiological)
    - the larynx goes up, squeezes closed so that you don’t get food in the trachea. The larynx moving up for swallow is critical. When the larynx goes down, you yawn. The vocal folds spread apart so you can take a big breath. Lifts=closes, safe swallow. Down=max opening, heavy breathing
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23
Q

What is hyoid bone?

A

highest structure, no connection to anything, cartilages and bones. Only bone in the larynx. Movement of the hyoid bone helps the larynx move up and down. Only free floating bone in your body. Goes around epiglottis. Horns that extend posteriorly. Also known as “cornu”

24
Q

What is epiglottis?

A

elastic cartilage, leaf shaped. Attaches to the thyroid. Sits under the back of the tongue and behind hyoid and leans over the top. Important for swallow. Toward the top. Tongue goes back and epiglottis folds backwards for swallow. Higher in babies and can be seen but in adults in can’t be seen. Elastic cartilage.
-acts as a trap door, opens for breathing

25
What is thyroid?
vocal folds attach at the angle of thyroid. Larger of laryngeal cartilage. Made of hyaline cartilage.
26
What is cricoid?
foundation of the larynx. Most inferior. Large posterior aspect, skinny part in the front. Where facets are (saddle joint) Lowest of the cartilages, a complete ring. Shaped like a Signiant ring. A synovial joint. As there’s a tilt in the cricoid the vocal folds are longer. Sits on top of trachea. Sits on the neck. Points at the thyroid and arytenoids. Hyaline cartilage.
27
What are the 2 arytenoids?
cartilage that the vocal folds attach to. Paired, can rock, slide. Shaped pyramid like. Attaches to muscles including vocal cords. Opens and closes vocal cords. Open= breathing and burping. Closed= voicing and safe swallow.
28
What is cricothyroid joint?
Pair joint of laryngeal cartilages: between the pivot joint, allows a slight rotation. Move in the vocal folds that change pitch. Movement lengthens vocal folds. Thick= deep pitch. Thin= high pitch. Oval shaped faucet. Synovial joint. Flat or slightly concave/convex.
29
What is cricoarytenoid joint
Pair joint of laryngeal cartilages: sitting on the cricoid cartilage. They rock, slide, and glide. A synovial joint-saddle joint. Allows movement that is limited by the ligament that incases it. Only limited by joint capsule. Attached to vocal folds. When the arytenoids move so do the vocal folds.
30
the laryngeal membranes and ligaments
a. intrinsic ligaments b. intrinsic membranes c. extrinsic membranes
31
What are intrinsic membranes?
wrap the inside of the larynx. Inner connect the laryngeal. Covered by epithelium=inside wrapping. Connective tissue inside larynx. Is a membrane that lines the entire larynx except where the vocal folds are. Also lines the edges of the true vocal folds. Aryepiglottic fold- Ventricular fold- Sits on top of the vocal folds but don’t touch
32
What are extrinsic membranes?
wrap the outside of the larynx. Doesn’t govern movement. Outside of the cartilages. Just wrapping Conus elasticus- originates from the inferior boarder of the cricoid. It’s like a funnel on the bottom. From trachea to cricoid cartilage. Columnar epithelium- the largest part. Lines everything but the true vocal folds. Squamous epithilum- also on the posterior surface of the epiglottis. Lines true vocal folds.
33
What is supra glottal?
above the glottis
34
What is vestibule?
the opening hallway entrance into the larynx funnel at top level of ventricular folds to aryepiglottic folds
35
What is ventricle?
a small space between the true vocal folds and the false vocal folds. Under ventricular fold (false vocal folds).
36
What is subglottal
below level of the glottis | underneath true vocal folds.
37
What is anterior commissure?
where true vocal folds attach at thyroid cartilage ( in front)
38
what is posterior commissure?
arched space in the back of the larynx
39
What is glottis?
name of the space between the true vocal folds | maximally open for breathing and closed for swallowing
40
What is Extrinsic muscles of the larynx?
elevate or depress the larynx muscles are paired structure move larynx in the throat or fix larynx into position
41
What is supra hyoid?
muscle of larynx: above the hyoid bone. are going to raise the larynx laryngeal elevators
42
what is digastrics?
``` part of supra hyoid: 2 bellies anterior belly posterior belly when it contracts it raises the hyoid bone and pulls it slightly anteriorly ```
43
what is mylohyoid?
part of supra hyoid: arises from the medial where everything comes together deep from digastricus
44
what is stylohyoid and geniohyloid?
part of supra hyoid
45
what is infra hyoid?
muscle of the larynx that pulls the larynx down
46
what is sternohyoid?
part of infra hyoid: arises from the medial aspect of the manubrium strap muscle holds your head on your neck exerts straight downward pressure
47
what is omohyoid?
part of infra hyoid:
48
what is thyroid?
part of infra hyiod: elevator when contracts it pulls thyroid cartilage up
49
what is sternothyroid?
when it contracts it pulls the thyroid cartilage down
50
what is intrinsic muscle of the larynx?
shape the glottis control vibratory behavior of vocal folds controls pitch, loudness and voice quality
51
what is thyroarytenoid?
``` Muscle of true vocal fold Has 3 functions: ADDUCTOR: contracts Relaxer: relaxes vocal folds (shortens if unopposed) Tensor: tenses vocal folds 2 parts 1. thyromuscularis 2. thyrovocalis ```
52
what is posterior cricoarytenoid?
``` 2 layers Only muscle that pulls the true vocal folds and opens larynx for breathing Only ABDUCTOR Origin: Lamina of Cricoid Cartilage Courses laterally/ somewhat superiorly ```
53
What is lateral cricoarytenoid?
arises from about halfway back on arch of the Cricoid Cartilage Contracts = pulls muscular process forward & closes true vocal folds ADDUCTOR Relaxer: pulls vocal folds shorter
54
what is interarytenoid?
``` Between the 2 Arytenoid Cartilages; pulls them closer together Adductor: helps the regulate medial compression (helps move vocal folds to midline) 2 parts a.oblique part: angles across muscles of the Aryepiglottic fold upwards/laterally to its Corniculate b.transverse part aka transverse plane straight across ```
55
what is cricothyroid muscle?
Primary muscle of pitch change 2 parts a.pars oblique: angled; decreases gap b.pars recta: stands up straighter

Exam 3 SPHP 111 (4 decks)

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