Outline 12: Pharynx Flashcards
what is neurology? (nervous system function)
The nervous system functions as:
- Sensor – registers sensory data
- Motor – effector, to create behavior
- Integrator – processing
- Regulator
what is the motor for the voice?
Respiration
- Skeletal framework
- Organs and muscles of respiration
what is the vibratory source?
Phonation
- bony and cartilaginous framework
- muscles of laryngeal movement
- muscles that shape the glottis and affect the vibratory behavior of the vocal folds
what is the resonator source?
Resonance 1.comes from mouth, nose and pharynx 2.shapes the vibratory sound that comes off the vocal folds 3.Gives every voice its individual characteristics • Can be trained and changed (shaped) • Meaningful, cultural, artistic 4.Timbre 5.Articulation • Subset of resonance • Changes the sound
pharynx is divided into three parts what are they?
laryngopharynx
oropharynx
nasopharynx
what is laryngopharynx?
most caudal section
a. Superiorly - hyoid bone at the base of the tongue.
b. Inferiorly - cricoid
c. Includes the vestibule, the aryepiglottic folds, the esophagus at the posterior
d. True vocal folds to level of hyoid bone & posterior tongue
e. Behind epiglottis
what is oropharynx?
medial section
a. Inferiorly - hyoid bone
b. Superiorly - soft palate or velum, the throat at the level of the mouth
c. Posterior is the pharyngeal wall we can see through the mouth
d. Anterior is the faucial pillars or arches
e. Back of throat
What is nasopharynx?
most superior section (highest part)
a. Inferiorly - soft palate to the
b. Superiorly - base of the skull (sphenoid and occipital bones)
c. Soft palate (velum) to the posterior openings of the nostrils
What are the functions of the pharynx?
- Air passage from mouth and nose to lungs via pharynx, larynx, trachea (biological)
- Food passage from mouth to stomach via pharynx, esophagus. Changes in size and shape for swallowing (biological)
- Changes in size and shape of pharynx for speech
what are the three pharyngeal constrictors? (muscles of the pharynx)
inferior pharyngeal constrictor
middle pharyngeal constrictor
superior pharyngeal constrictor
a. Function is to constrict the pharynx for deglutition (swallowing)
b. Constrictors move in a peristaltic manner
c. Narrowing of the pharyngeal space in the oropharynx and laryngopharynx
what is inferior pharyngeal constrictor? (muscle of pharynx)
largest of the 3 muscles
a. Origin: from Cricoid cartilage
b. Insertion: Mid-line Raffey
c. Overlap: fibers of middle constrictor
d. Cricopharyngeous: muscle that maintains high tone to keep esophagus closed (bottom most part)
• Only opens for swallowing (eating)
• Originates from cricoid cartilage
e. Keeps esophagus closed
f. Peristaltic motion: squeezes food from throat down the esophagus
• Squeeze from top to bottom
• Tongue pushes food back and muscles squeeze food from esophagus
what is middle pharyngeal constrictor? (muscle of pharynx)
a. Fan-shaped.
b. Origin: fans out from hyoid bone
c. Insertion: inserts on the midline Raffey
d. Overlap: fibers of the superior constrictor
what is superior pharyngeal constrictor?(muscle of pharynx)
a. Quadrilateral in shape
b. Origin: don’t need to know!
c. Insertion
d. Overlap: overlapping occurs so food doesn’t get stuck
e. Part of swallowing
f. Sucking requires good closure
what is stylopharyngeus? (long muscle)
- Blends into constrictor muscles
- Dilates the pharynx (makes it larger & changes resonance)
- Indirectly lifts larynx to help swallow
- Widens pharynx
- Aids in swallowing
what is palatopharyngeus? (long muscle)
- Functions to lower velum (pulls down)
- nose breath (nasal consonants)
- Terminates at thyroid cartilage
- Narrows velum pharyngeal port
- Posterior faucial pillars (base of tongue)
