Outline 1 Study Guide

Question 1

Define anatomy and physiology

Answer 1

Anatomy- study of structure

Physiology- study of function

Question 2

Describe the levels of structural organization

Answer 2

1. Chemical level- atoms combine to form molecules
2. Cellular level- cells are made up of molecules
3. Tissue level- tissues consists of similar types of cells
4. Organ level- organs are made up of different types of tissue
5. Organ system level- organ system consist of different organs that work together closely
6. Organismal level- human organisms are made up of many organ systems

Question 3

Tissue

Answer 3

a group of similar cells specialized to perform a specific function

Question 4

Organ

Answer 4

a part of the body formed by two or more tissues that performs a specialized function

Question 5

Organ system

Answer 5

a group of organs that work together to perform a vital body function

Question 6

List the functional characteristics necessary to maintain life

Answer 6

1. Maintaining boundaries
2. Movement
3. Responsiveness
4. Digestion
5. Metabolism
6. Excretion
7. Reproduction
8. Growth

Question 7

Provide values for glucose, find osmolality (300 mOsm), body temerature and pH

Answer 7

Glucose= 70-120 mg/dL
Osmolality= 275 to 295 mOsm/kg
Body temperature= 37C or 98.6F
pH= 0-14, 7 being neutral

Question 8

Define homeostasis and explain its significance

Answer 8

A state of dynamic body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body
It is the bodies ability to maintain relitevley stable internal conditions even thought the outside world is continuously changing

Question 9

Describe homeostatic control using the terms stimulus, variable, receptor/sensor, control center, set point, effector, response, and feedback

Answer 9

Homeostatic control starts with stimulus which produces change in variable.
This information is then detected by the receptor/sensor and taken to the control center which determines the set point.
The effector then supplies the needs for the response to feedback to influence the stimulus.

Question 10

Describe negative feedback and provide an example

Answer 10

Feedback the causes the stimulus to decline or end

When your body temperature goes down, our body has a negative feedback to warm it up with goosebumps.

Question 11

Describe positive feedback and provide an example

Answer 11

Feedback that enhances the stimulus

Child birth, blood clotting

Question 12

Describe the consequences of homeostatic imbalance

Answer 12

As we age our body organs become less efficient

Question 13

Describe anatomical position

Answer 13

Standing, feet parallel, palms facing forward