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outdoor ed end of year exam Flashcards

1
Q

perception

A

What we think about outdoor environments

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2
Q

Interactions

A

What we do in, and with, the outdoor environments

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3
Q

Impacts

A

What happens as a result of our relationships with outdoor environment

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4
Q

Geological stability

A

There are no major fault lines across Australia’s mainland earthquakes are rare and usually low intensity

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5
Q

Biological isolation

A

The separation of Australia and Antarctica about 50 million years ago marked the time when Australian plants and animal species lost their ability to interact with other species

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6
Q

Climatic variations

A

Australia is generally regarded as a dress inhabited continent the large areas of desert and Arab lands have been significant in development of Australia’s flora and fauna

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7
Q

Kinship

A

An indigenous persons relationship and responsibilities to other people, to their land and country and their natural resources

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8
Q

Indigenous relationships perceptions

A

Spiritual connection with land, land as mother, people are related to in a part of the land

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9
Q

Fire stick farming

A

The consistent and repeated use of fire to clear vegetation and to create open forest to ensure food for both people and wildlife

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10
Q

Indigenous relationship interactions

A

Hunting and gathering, fire stick farming and agriculture practices

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11
Q

Indigenous relationships impacts

A

Largely a low impact on the environment

hunting may have contributed to the extinction of some megafauna

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12
Q

Interactions and impacts post colonisation involved

A

Soil compaction from sheep and cattle

disease and conflict

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13
Q

Early colonisation perceptions 1788-1859

A

fear
opportunity
to be saved

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14
Q

Early colonisation impacts 1788-1859

A

Cessation of cultural fires
Forest clearing
Introduction of species

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15
Q

Early colonisation interactions 1788-1859

A

Development of towns and first cities near the coast

Exploration of land for farms and for treasure

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16
Q

Pre-Federation perceptions 1860 to 1900

A

Many saw the land as an opportunity to make a fortune

fear of the bush remained among many particularly in cities and towns

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17
Q

Pre-Federation interactions 1860 to 1900

A

Large-scale increase in mining, forestry, farming, grazing, river dredging

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18
Q

Pre-Federation impacts 1860 to 1900

A

Land clearing
deforestation affects
increased urbanisation
more erosion

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19
Q

Post Federation perceptions 1901 to 1990

A

Belief that humans can control nature

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20
Q

Post Federation interactions 1901 to 1990

A

Major dams were built
conservation through national parks continued
nation building place after Federation

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21
Q

Post Federation impacts 1901 to 1990

A

Water, soil and air-pollution continued to grow especially around cities

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22
Q

Environmental activism

A

The actions or individuals or groups that I aim to protect or support the environment

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23
Q

Custodianship

A

The responsibility for taking care of or protecting something

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24
Q

Registered aboriginal party

A

They are responsible for managing all land, water and aboriginal culture within the appointed areas. They’re appointed by Victorian aboriginal heritage council, established under the aboriginal heritage act 2006

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25
Q

Conservation

A

The preservation, protection, management or restoration of the natural environment, inclusive of ecosystems, vegetation, wildlife and natural resources, such as soil and water

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26
Q

Management plan

A

A document that contains guidelines on how an area of public land is manage it articulates divisions, goals, outcomes, measures and long-term strategies for parks within planning areas

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27
Q

Recreation

A

Past times that are a diversion from day to day routines including active or passive activities that provide participant with fun relaxation or enjoyment

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28
Q

Conservation relationships perceptions

A

Outdoor environments need protection and care

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29
Q

Conservation relationship interactions

A

Revegetation
erosion control
weed and pest control

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30
Q

Conservation relationship impacts

A

Grow more trees and make more oxygen
improve biodiversity through pest management

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31
Q

Interest groups

A

Groups of individuals with similar values who and to promote their views about an issue that government or government agencies are not considered to be interest groups

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32
Q

Recreation relationship perceptions

A

Outdoor environments are for having fun
outdoor environments of exercise

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33
Q

Recreation relationship interactions

A

Bush walking
Fishing
surfing

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34
Q

Recreation relationship impacts

A

Erosion and rubbish through high visitation
the need for amenities

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35
Q

Economic

A

Relating to all based on the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services

this can be through growing something for profit or digging up something from the earth to be sold for profit

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36
Q

economic Relationships perceptions

A

Outdoor environments provide the material for making money

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37
Q

economic Relationships interactions

A

Agriculture
commercial fishing
cultural tours
ecotourism

38
Q

Economic relationships impacts

A

Long-term damage to outdoor environments including erosion and loss of biodiversity

39
Q

Methods to influence decision-making

A

Non-violent protests of persuasion
non-violent interventions

40
Q

Non-violent protests of persuasion
method

A

Formal petitions
street protesting
media based activism

41
Q

Non-violent protests of persuasion
+ and -

A

+
petitions are easy to conduct and gain a lot of support reaches a high number of people
-
Advertising is very expensive
people may sign the petition with little knowledge about the issue

42
Q

non-violent interventions
method

A

Lawsuits
participative research
hunger strikes

43
Q

non-violent interventions
+ and -

A

+
ensurers decision-makers have a clear understanding of their position
arguments for positions can be clearly understood through reports
-
Time-consuming
difficult to access decision-makers

44
Q

Form of decision-making
community consultation

A

a consultative group can be formed or enlisted to consult interest groups, public and expert with specialise knowledge of the issue

45
Q

Form of decision-making
community consultation
+ and -

A

+
Accurate information is gathered
provides the opportunity for all views to be heard
-
Time-consuming and expensive

46
Q

Conflict over the proposed great Forrest National Park
issue

A

Proposal to declare a national park over 5000 km² that incorporates existed in national parks, reserves and state forests

47
Q

Conflict over the proposed great Forrest National Park
parties conflicting

A

Victorian National Parks Association against the forestry industry

48
Q

Conflict over the proposed great Forrest National Park
Victoria National Parks Association position on the issue

A

The creation of the great Forest National Park when I only safeguard the habitats of the endangered species but protect these critical forests

49
Q

Conflict over the proposed great Forrest National Park
Forestry industry position on the issue

A

State Forest should be able to remain to continue primary industries and hunting of deer and other introduce species as this provides better management of the Victorian landscape for the benefit of the Victorian public

50
Q

Conflict over the proposed great Forrest National Park
Victorian national parks methods used to influence decision-makers

A

Website and multimedia campaign gathered evidence to produce a GFNP plan

51
Q

Conflict over the proposed great Forrest National Park
Forestry industry methods used to influence decision-makers

A

Launch Facebook page and a campaign against the great Forrest National Park
covened community meetings to revise information on the potential economic impacts of the great Forrest National Park

52
Q

Conflict over the proposed great Forrest National Park
Processes followed by decision-makers

A

Community consultation

53
Q

Conflict over the proposed great Forrest National Park
Evaluation

A

The great Forest National Park has failed to gain support from either major Victorian political party the methods used by the forestry industry to influence the government’s position focused on the wealth creation of local jobs timber production and the floor and effect on communities which was a stronger motivation to not make the great Forrest National Park

54
Q

Environmental issues for government policy response climate change

A

An increase in greenhouse gas emissions has resulted in the changes of the earth climate
Policy responses:
Supports global emissions targets and supports renewable energy target

55
Q

Environmental issue for government policy response habitats and species conservation

A

Native Forest Logan continues to be practice in Australia and has detrimental effects on the species of the environment

policies responses:
supports policies and projects for habitat and species conservation

56
Q

Greenhouse gas emissions target Australian Labour Party

A

Net 0 by 2050 reduce Australia’s emissions by 43% by 2030

57
Q

Greenhouse gas emissions target liberal

A

Net 0 by 2050 reduce Australia’s emissions 26 to 28% by 2030

58
Q

Greenhouse gas emissions target greens

A

Net zero or net negative Australian greenhouse gas emissions by 2035 or sooner

59
Q

Kyoto protocol

A

Agreement to limit and reduce greenhouse gas emissions with an agreed individual targets

60
Q

Climate change debate

A

Debate often centres on whether humans have a major influence on the climate or whether it is natural

61
Q

Paris agreement cop 21

A

Commit to holding global warming to well below 2° and to pursue efforts to limited to 1.5°

62
Q

Climate sceptics believe

A

The earths atmosphere was warmed and called naturally over thousands of years and what is occurring now is another natural change

63
Q

Climate scientist believe

A

If we fail to reduce carbon pollution caused by human activity such as burn fossil fuels climate change with a profound impact on our planet

64
Q

Mitigation of climate change

A

Creating cleaner fossil fuels or to use more renewable energy alternatives such as solar wind and biofuels

65
Q

Sustainable

A

Capable of being maintained in existence without interruption

66
Q

Social sustainability

A

A concept of an inclusive and just a side where everyone’s needs are met and where everyone has equal opportunities contribute and participate in decision-making processes

67
Q

Economic sustainability

A

The ability of economic systems to sustain a decent standard of living and operating a way that promotes long-term environmental health and preserves natural resources for future generations

68
Q

Environmental sustainability

A

Prioritise the well-being of the environment encompassing aspects like water and air quality as well as the reduction of the environmental stresses such as greenhouse gas emissions

69
Q

Promoting environmental sustainability

A

Biomass, solar power, wind power

70
Q

Interdependence

A

Two or more things that are interconnected relying on an influencing each other

71
Q

Critiques of sustainability

A

Vagueness of the term, measuring sustainability, developing nations, cost

72
Q

Cost critiques of sustainability

A

Adopting sustainable practices is expensive. Installing roof solar panels and backyard grey water systems may seem straightforward ethical decisions however the associated costs are beyond many household budgets

73
Q

Developing nations critiques of sustainability

A

With the inequalities of economic growth around the world it is difficult to expect all countries to adopt expensive renewable energy resources and impose restrictions on Corbin oceans cause by unsustainable use of fossil fuels

74
Q

Environmental health is closely linked to the surrounding land and can be influenced bye

A

Urbanisation, land clearing, overgrazing

75
Q

Evaluate in the health of outdoor environments

A

Water quality, quality, soil quality, biodiversity

76
Q

Water quality

A

Water is a crucial component of a healthy and sustainable outdoor environment it can be measured by taste odour and appearance

77
Q

Air quality

A

Measuring air quality can include rainfall smog location smell

78
Q

sOil quality

A

Vital component of the environment and plays a crucial role in supporting life on earth it can be tested through colour, texture, pH and temperature

79
Q

Ecosystem diversity

A

The variety of habitats, natural communities and ecological processes in the biosphere

80
Q

Biodiversity

A

I diversity is critical to the functioning of ecosystems, providing crucial services such as Polynation, pest control, soil conservation and carbon reduction.

a healthy and diverse ecosystem means a healthy and sustainable environment

81
Q

threats on society and outdoor environments

A

land degradation
introduced species
urbanisation
climate change
flood
fire

82
Q

Land degradation

A

Refers to the detrimental changes in the condition of the land due to human interactions

83
Q

Introduce species

A

Impact on the native species and ecosystems by outcompeting and replacing them, altering food webs and effective the soil structure and water balance

they can also spread disease and parasites to native species

84
Q

Urbanisation

A

Refers to the growth of towns and cities and the increasing number of people who live in urban areas

this can impact habitat modification, loss of river flows and vegetation loss

85
Q

Climate change

A

3rd to the long-term alteration of global weather patterns due to range of factors such as human activities

86
Q

Potential impacts of climate change on society

A

Decrease availability for water for nature human consumption and agriculture
Melting of ice in the Arctic and Antarctic

87
Q

Potential impacts of climate change on outdoor environments

A

Increase intensity of droughts and floods
reduction in fish stocks

88
Q

Floods

A

Floods are a natural part of Australian ecosystems and play clear shall roll in certain environments and dam inflows
However they can cause substantial harm to properties, infrastructure and human health and result in loss of life

89
Q

Fire

A

Bushfires are a type of wildfire that burns through vegetation and grassland, causing widespread destruction and damage
potential impacts of fire on society includes
loss of life property and infrastructure
potential impacts of fire outdoor environments impacts on plants animals and ecosystems

90
Q

Climate feedback loop

A

Accelerates or decelerates are warming trend, such as bushfires creating conditions to encourage more intense bushfires

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