Outcome Measures

Question 1

Outcome measures are sued to quantify: (2)

Answer 1

1) Changes in impairments in body functions/structures, activity limtations, and participation restrictions
2) Changes in health, wellness, fitness

Question 2

Self-report measures can be: (2)

Answer 2

Global or (body region) Specific

Question 3

Global Rating of Change (GRC)

Answer 3

• Related to function and/or pain
• No specifics on here (pain, walking up stairs, etc)
• “How much better do you think you are since day 1?”
• VERY subjective

Question 4

Disabilites of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH and Quick=DASH)

Answer 4

• Related to function of the upper extremities
• Only for people with UE disabilities
• Region specific
• Gets converted to a %
• Should be done initially AND during re-evals

Question 5

Numeric Pain Rating Scale

Answer 5

Related to pain

Question 6

Clinimetric Properties

Answer 6

Measurement characteristics used to assess outcome measures

Question 7

Questions addressed by Clinimetric Properties (8)

Answer 7

• Was there adequate description in the survey development process?
• Is the self-report measure easy to administer?
• Is the self-report measure reliable?
• Is the self-report measure responsive?
• Can the scores of the measure be interpreted in a meaningful way?
• Is there more than 1 method for administering the self-report measure?
• Is the self-report measure available in other languages?

Question 8

Adequate Description of the Survey Development Process (3)

Answer 8

1) Choose the phenomenon of interest to be captured by the self-report measure
2) Outline the measure’s scope (generic or region-specific)
3) Conduct focus groups to generate survey questions

Question 9

Outcome Measures should be Easy to Administer (2)

Answer 9

• Should include MINIMAL number of questions to capture domain of interest
• Easy to understand and not time intensive

Question 10

Reliability is established by testing for: (3)

Answer 10

1) Internal Consistency
2) Reproducibility
3) Agreement

Question 11

Internal Consistency (2)

Answer 11

• Degree to which subsections of a survey measure the same concept or construct
• Want the questions in each subsection to measure the same type of thing

Question 12

Internal Consistency determined by:

Answer 12

• Using Chronbach’s alpha

- Want correlation coefficient between .70-.95

Question 13

Reproducibility

Answer 13

Stability of repeated scores from respondents that are supposed to be unchanged over a specific time period

Question 14

Agreement

Answer 14

How close repeated measures are to one another

Question 15

3 types of Validity

Answer 15

1) Content Validity
2) Construct Validity
3) Criterion Validity

Question 16

Validity

Answer 16

Is the test testing what it’s supposed to?

Question 17

Responsiveness

Answer 17

Ability of an outcome measure to determine change which is perceived to be meaningful

Question 18

2 measures of Responsiveness

Answer 18

1) Statistical Change
2) Clinically meaningful change
- Provide info regarding meaningful change on outcome measures

Question 19

3 Measures of Statistical Change

Answer 19

1) effect size
2) Standardized effect size
3) Standardized response mean

Question 20

Effect Size

Answer 20

• Aka Magnitude of Change
• Mean(test1) - Mean(test2)
• Ex: Pre Quick Dash meas- Post Quick Dash meas = Effect size

Question 21

Standardized Effect Size

Answer 21

-(Mean(test 1) - Mean(test2)/SD(test1))

Question 22

Large Effect Size

Answer 22

.80

Question 23

Moderate Effect Size

Answer 23

0.50

Question 24

Minimal Effect Size

Answer 24

.20

Question 25

Standardized Response Mean

Answer 25

(mean(test1)-Mean(test2)/SD(difference))

Question 26

3 Things that Make Up Clincially Meaningful Change

Answer 26

1) Minimum Clinically Important Change (MCID)
2) Sufficiently Important Difference (SID)
3) Smallest Worthwhile Effect (SWE)

Question 27

MCID

Answer 27

Smallest difference in score in the domain of interest, which patients perceive as beneficial and which mandate (in absence of side effects and excessive cost) a change in the patient’s management

Question 28

SID

Answer 28

Has been established for the common cold

Question 29

SWE

Answer 29

Has been established for LBP