Outcome E Flashcards
Heterotrophs
Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
A compound that cells use to store and release energy
Autotrophs
Organisms that make their own food
Photosynthesis
Process by which autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrates (sugars and starches) that can be used as food
Pigments
Molecules that absorb light and gather the sun’s energy
Chlorophyll
Plants’ principal pigment
Thylakoids
Sac-like photosynthetic membranes in chloroplasts
Stroma
The fluid portion of chloroplasts
NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
A carrier molecule compound
Light-dependent reactions
First set of reactions in photosynthesis
Light-independent reactions
ATP and NADPH molecules in the light-dependent reactions that are used to produce high-energy sugars from carbon dioxide
Photosystems
Thylakoids that contain clusters of chlorophyll and proteins
Electron transport chain
Series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP generating reactions
ATP synthase
Protein in the thylakoid membrane that spans the membrane and allows H+ ions to pass through it
Calvin cycle
When plants use the energy that ATP and NADPH contain to build stable high-energy carbohydrate compounds that can be stored for a long time
Calorie
Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Cellular respiration
A food process that organisms can obtain energy from
Aerobic
Pathways of cellular respiration that require oxygen
Anaerobic
Pathways of cellular respiration that don’t require oxygen
Glycolysis
First set of reactions in cellular respiration
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Electron carrier
Krebs cycle
Second stage of cellular respiration where the pyrovic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide
Matrix
Innermost compartment of the mitochondrion and the site of the Krebs cycle reaction
Fermentation
Combined process of this pathway and glycolysis
