Outcome D

Question 0

Organelles

Answer 0

Structures that act like specialized organs, “little organs”

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

Portion of a cell outside the nucleus

Question 2

Vacuoles

Answer 2

• large, sac-like, membrane-enclosed structures that store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
• in many plant cells, there is a large, central vacuole filled with liquid which increases their rigidity

Question 3

Lysosomes

Answer 3

• small organelles filled with enzymes
• breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be re-used by the rest of the cell
• also breaks down old organelles

Question 4

Cytoskeleton

Answer 4

• network of protein filaments and microtubules that give eukaryotic cells their shape and internal organization
• helps transport materials between different parts of the cell
• involved in movement

Question 5

Centrioles

Answer 5

Located near the nucleus and help organize cell division

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all cells

Question 7

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

Eukaryotic cells contain an internal membrane system

Question 8

Golgi apparatus

Answer 8

In eukaryotic cells, where proteins move to after the rough ER

Question 9

Chloroplast

Answer 9

• biological equivalents of solar power plants
• captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into food in a process called photosynthesis
• contains green pigment called chlorophyll

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

• power plants of cells

- has an inner and outer membrane

Question 11

Cell wall

Answer 11

• strong supporting layer around the membrane, only in plant cells
• porous enough to allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through easily

Question 12

Lipid bilayer

Answer 12

Gives cell membrane a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings

Question 13

Cell theory:

Answer 13

• all living things are made up of cells
• cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
• new cells are produced from existing cells

Question 14

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 14

• cells that do not enclose their genetic material in the nucleus
• generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells
• grow, reproduce, and respond to the environment

Question 15

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 15

• cells that enclose their genetic material in the nucleus
• plants, animals, fungi, and Protista are eukaryotes
• humans are made up of 50 trillion cells
• larger and more complex
• contains dozens of structures and internal membranes

Question 16

Do all cells contain the molecule that carries biological information (DNA)?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

Cell membrane

Answer 17

• thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells and regulates what enters and leaves the cell
• protects and supports the cell

Question 18

Nucleus

Answer 18

• contains nearly all the cell’s DNA and the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules
• surrounded by a nucleur envelope composed of two membranes
• dotted with thousands of nucleur pores which allow material to move in and out
• proteins, RNA, and other molecules move through the nucleur pores to and from the rest of the cell
• begins the assembly of ribosomes

Question 19

Microfilaments

Answer 19

Threadlike structures made up of a protein called actin

Question 20

Rough ER

Answer 20

Has ribosomes and makes proteins

Question 21

Smooth ER

Answer 21

Has no ribosomes and makes membrane lipids and is involved in the detoxification of drugs

Question 22

What is the order of protein transferring through different organelles?

Answer 22

rough ER - lysosomes - Golgi apparatus - out of the cell

Question 23

Passive transport

Answer 23

Movement of materials across the cell membrane without using cellular energy

Question 24

Diffusion

Answer 24

Process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 25

Osmosis

Answer 25

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 26

Osmotic pressure

Answer 26

The force a cell exerts in a net movement of water out or into a cell

Question 27

Hypertonic

Answer 27

The area of higher solute concentration

Question 28

Hypotonic

Answer 28

The area of lower solute concentration

Question 29

Isotonic

Answer 29

When both areas have the same solute concentration

Question 30

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 30

The passage of molecules that can directly diffuse across the membrane through special protein channels

Question 31

Aquaporins

Answer 31

Cell membrane proteins that allow water to pass through the cell membrane

Question 32

Active transport

Answer 32

The movement of materials against a concentration gradient and requires energy

Question 33

Endocytosis

Answer 33

The process of taking materials into the cell by means of unfolding a or pockets of the cell membrane