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RADP 210 - Radiation Protection > Outcome 5 > Flashcards

Outcome 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the radiation safety manual?

A
  • it provides written communication to outline radiation safety procedures and the limits
  • this proves to CNSC that proper radiation protection program is being followed
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2
Q

What are the requirements of a radiation safety manual?

A
  • has to be accessible to workers
  • prepared, updated and revised by RSO
  • must be approved by senior management
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3
Q

What can be found in the radiation safety manual? (Table of contents)

A
  • alara policy
  • action levels
  • worker training/authorization
  • designation of nuclear workers
  • designation, posting and decommissioning of rooms and access
  • control of nuclear substances
  • procedures for radioactive waste handling and disposal (receiving, transporting and packaging)
  • radioactive contamination control and procedures
  • maintenance and use of radiation detection equipment
  • emergency procedures
  • records and reporting systems
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4
Q

What are action levels?

A
  • specific dose of radiation, that if reached, may indicate a loss of control of a part of a licensee’s radiation protection program—triggers a requirement for a specific action to take place
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5
Q

How are action levels developed?

A
  • developed when applying for a license
  • developed using historical data (or reference from a comparable facility
  • must be useful and credible
  • supported by a monitoring program
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6
Q

What are some examples of action levels?

A
  • ambient dose rate
  • loading or concentration
  • individual quantity of radiation received
  • ventilation rates
  • emission/discharge rate
  • surface contamination
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7
Q

What happens when an action level is reached?

A
  • investigations to find out why
  • identify and take action to restore effectiveness of the radiation protection program
  • notify commission within period specified on the license (within 21 days)
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8
Q

What are Action Levels at SAIT?
- Ambient dose rate = ______
- contamination monitoring = _______
- dose limits = _______
- hand monitoring = _______

A
  • Ambient dose rate = 1 uSv/hr above background
    -Contamination monitoring - class a: 0.3 Bq/cm^2
    class b: 3 Bq/cm^2
    class c: 30 Bq/cm^2
  • dose limits = instructors - 1 mSv/yr; students - 0.5 mSv/6 months or 1 mSv/yr
  • hand monitoring = >background
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9
Q

When are action levels not needed?

A
  • when you can prove to the CNSC that your occupational doses are unlikely to exceed 1 mSv/yr
  • when the dose to the public is unlikely to exceed 50 uSv/yr
  • the annual collective dose (occ. + public) is unlikely to exceed 1 Sv
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10
Q

What is an example of an action level for a NEW’s EDL?

A

1 mSv/yr

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11
Q

When you inform a worker of their NEW status, what does that mean?

A
  • that they will be working with radiation
  • you have to let them know the risks associated with it/possible exposures
  • what their effective dose limits would be
  • what typical dose levels of NEW in that area are
  • what their rights and obligations are (pregnant NEW)
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12
Q

How long are proof of adequate training records kept for?

A

3 years in the employee’s file after termination

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13
Q

What are basic training course topics are required?

A
  • intro to radiation and its sources
  • fundamentals of radiation
  • personal and survey meters
  • radiation exposure
  • radiation protection
  • radiation safety program
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14
Q

What are some additional training that a NEW can have?

A
  • TDG
  • WHMIS certification
  • RSO training
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15
Q

When are personnel radiation dose monitoring required?

A

When there is a reasonable probability of the NEW receiving an effective dose greater than 5 mSv in a one year dosimetry period

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16
Q

how do you monitoring external doses received? internal doses?

A

external - personal dosimeters (CNSC certified = TLD and OSLD)
internal - thyroid screening and bioassay programs

17
Q

What shouldn’t you expose your dosimeter to?

A
  • high temperatures
  • water
  • direct sunlight or fluorescent light
18
Q

How do you properly wear your dosimeter? extremity dosimeters?

A

between your neck and waist area

extremity dosimeters - worn facing the source of radiation

19
Q

How do temporary dosimeters work?

A

they are typically for visitors/temporary personnel
- readings are taken before and after

20
Q

When are personal external exposure dosimeters exchanged? why?

A

quarterly – this is because we want to know sooner than later what our received dosage is

21
Q

What kind of style of OSLD/TLD is used for whole body and skin dose readings?

A

badge style

22
Q

When are finger/ring dosimeters used?

A

if more than 50 MBq of high energy BETA sources are handled

23
Q

What is the difference between TLD and OSLD?
What happens in the dosimeters?

A

TLD - requires heat to release the electron
OSLD - requires light energy

when the electron drops back to stable state, it’ll give off light, which is what is being read – this will tell us how much dose was absorbed

24
Q

What is the standard curve?

A

total area under the glow curve vs. standard absorbed doses

25
Q

what is the glow curve?

A

the area under the curve that is given by the absorbed dose of the dosimeter

26
Q

What are some examples of temporary/short-term use dosimeters?

A
  1. electronic dosimeter
  2. direct ion storage dosimeter
27
Q

What is the difference between the two examples of temporary dosimeters? what are the similarities?

A

electronic - silicon semiconductor detectors; more expensive; can measure x, gamma and beta
direct ion storage - has a miniature ion chamber that absorbs charges; less expensive

electronic and direct ion - immediate readout, + both are good for emergency, high risk activities, and pregnancy

28
Q

You must wear your dosimeter whenever you’re working in a controlled area. T/F

A

True.

29
Q

What are considered controlled areas that you need to be wearing your dosimeter during?

A

when working with x-ray equipment, working with radioactive patients and materials

30
Q

How do you know what the lead aprons are going to do what its supposed to do? how often is this done?

A

sending them to x-ray to see if there’s any cracks
once a year

31
Q

When is thyroid screening done?

A

after the use of volatile radioactive iodine

32
Q

What is the ALI for I-125? I-131?

A

I-125 = 1 MBq/yr
I-131 = 1 MBq/yr

33
Q

What amount of iodine used is required for thyroid monitoring on an open bench? in a fume hood? in a glove box?

A

open bench - 2 MBq
fume hood - 200 MBq
glove box - 20,000 MBq

34
Q

When does thyroid screening need to be done?

A

1-5 days after each use or 2-24 hours after an incident

35
Q

What is the thyroid screening procedure?

A
  • using the Nal(Tl) uptake probe (with sensitivity of 1kBq)
  • take background count
  • position probe in front of technologist at a standard distance and take a neck count (usually ~ 3 minutes)
  • compare to eval requirements for screening results outlined by CNSC
36
Q

What are the CNSC eval requirements for thyroid screening to be confirmed? Investigation level? Reporting level?

A

To be confirmed - if any reading is >= 1 kBq
Investigation - >= 1kBq and < 10 kBq
Reporting - >= 10 kBq

37
Q

Is personnel hand monitoring regulated by CNSC?

A

No.

38
Q

Why is hand monitoring important?

A

To prevent internal contamination and area contamination by monitoring work practices; alara practice!

RADP 210 - Radiation Protection (10 decks)

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