Outcome 2

Question 1

What is a “controlled” area?

Answer 1

It is the area that is under supervision of an individual in charge of radiation protection.

It is an area that requires the employee to follow well established procedures aimed at controlling radiation exposure.

Question 2

What are the 4 criteria for control?

Answer 2

1. Controlled access
2. Controlled occupancy
3. Controlled working conditions
4. Controlled escape of radiation (scatter)

Question 3

What are the three population groups?

Answer 3

1. Nuclear energy worker (NEW)
2. Pregnant NEW
3. Public

Question 4

What changes for the pregnant NEW in regards to exposure?

Answer 4

Dose limit is dropped to 4 mSv for the remainder of the pregnancy.

Question 5

What is the distinction between NEW and the public in terms of equivalent dose limits?

Answer 5

It is by the factor of 10.

Question 6

Public limits are for adults, pregnant adults and children. T/F

Answer 6

False.
Just adults.
Pregnant and children, no exposure is preferred.

Question 7

What does EFFECTIVE DOSE mean?

Answer 7

It is the sum of all equivalent dose of radiation received by each organ/tissue multiplied by the tissue/organs weighting factors

Question 8

What does EQUIVALENT DOSE mean?

Answer 8

It is the absorbed dose multiplied by the radiation weighting factor.

Question 9

What is the equivalent dose limit for the LENS OF EYE for NEW and public?

Answer 9

NEW - 50 mSv/yr
Public - 15 mSv/yr

Question 10

What is the equivalent dose limit for SKIN for NEW and public?

Answer 10

NEW - 500 mSv/yr
Public - 50 mSv/yr

Question 11

What is the equivalent dose limit for HANDS/FEET for NEW and public?

Answer 11

NEW - 500 mSv/yr
Public - 50 mSv/yr

Question 12

What does the equivalent dose account for?

Answer 12

The degree of harm of different types of radiation

Question 13

What I gathered:
Equivalent = how damaging the type of radiation is to tissues
Effective = how susceptible tissues are to radiation (they have different radiation sensitivities)

Question 14

What is safety code 35 regulating?

Answer 14

Radiation EMITTING DEVICES
So x-ray department

Question 15

What are the emergency limits?

Answer 15

Whole body EDL - 500 mSv
Skin EDL - 5000 mSv

Question 16

What is the ambient controlled area dose rate limit for controlled/licensed area (NEW) and public?

Answer 16

NEW - 25 uSv/h
Public - 2.5 uSv/h

Question 17

Signs must be posted at every point of access to any area that holds radionuclides _____.
It also should be posted in areas that has a probability of a person entering and receiving a dose rate in excess of _____.

Answer 17

A) >100 EQ
B) 25 uSv/h

Question 18

What is EQ?

Answer 18

Exemption quantity
It is the quantity of radionuclide below which licensing is required by CNSC

Question 19

Properties of EQ:

Answer 19

1. It is different depending on how biologically damaging the radionuclide is.
2. The less damaging, the higher the EQ can be.

Question 20

No hospitalization is required and minimal precautions is needed for patients who have a load of:

Answer 20

Less than 300 MBq and radiation dose at 2m = less than 4 uSv/h

Question 21

Precautions should be taken for patients with the load of:

Answer 21

Less than 1100 MBq and radiation dose at 2m = less than 16 uSv/h

Question 22

Patients should be isolated in the hospital and under strict precautions if their load is:

Answer 22

Greater than 1100 MBq and have a radiation dose at 2m greater than 16 uSv/h

Question 23

What is Annual Limits on Intake (ALI)?

Answer 23

It’s the dose limits for contamination that a NEW might ingest/inhale/absorb.

Based on the radionuclides’ ability to damage tissue.

Question 24

What is the management’s responsibilities?

Answer 24

• implementing policies and procedures to maintain ALARA (resources and training)
• establish action levels and communicate them
• track and evaluate NEW exposure doses
• provide feedback

Question 25

What are the NEWs responsibilities?

Answer 25

• know and understand radiation protection practices
• comply with all ALARA policies
• be familiar with emergency procedures
• know who is RSO

Question 26

What are the 8 elements of ALARA?

Answer 26

1. Commitment to safety and good radiation protection at all levels from NEW to management.
2. Implementation that includes organization and management
3. Resources
4. Training
5. Action levels - amt of exposure or activity that requires specific safety procedures
6. Documentation
7. Performance targets, working plans and predictions of potential high exposure
8. Operational reviews

Question 27

What is the value of EQ that is exempt from CNSC regulations?

Answer 27

1 EQ

Question 28

What is the EQ for Tc-99m? I-131?

Answer 28

Tc-99m = 10 MBq
I-131 = 1 MBq

Question 29

How do you classify radionuclides?

Answer 29

Based on their radiological properties and ability to cause biological damage.

Question 30

Which class is most damaging?

Answer 30

CLASS A - mostly alpha emitters

Question 31

what does class B contain?

Answer 31

Beta emitters

Question 32

Which class is least damaging?

Answer 32

Class C - ones that emit gamma only

Question 33

What are some examples of class B radionuclides that we use?

Answer 33

Mo-99 and I-131

Question 34

What are some examples of class c radionuclides that we use?

Answer 34

Tc-99m, Tl-201, I-123, F-18, In-111 and Ga-67

Question 35

What is ACTION LEVEL?

Answer 35

amt of exposure or activity that requires specific safety procedures

Question 36

____ time to deliver an exposure dose = _____ biological effect.

Answer 36

Less time, greater biological effect

Question 37

___ to the whole body = death

Answer 37

5Gy Acute dose