outcome 2.1 Flashcards
Explain the structure of eukaryotic genes
Exons are coding sequences that are interrupted by noncoding regions in most eukaryotic genes (introns). to produce a lengthy primary RNA transcript, both exons and introns are transctibed.
which part of the eukaryotic genes dose not code for proteins
Introns
explain the structure of an operon
an operon is made up of different genes: an operator, a promoter, a regulator and several structural
Which part of a Eukaryotic gene carries instructions for protein synthesis?
Exons
What protects the ends after splicing?
5’ Cap & 3’ Poly A Tail
Do bacteria have a membrane-bound nucleus?
no
Describe the organisation of genes with respect to:
- Introns and Exons in Eukaryotic Cells
* Operons in Bacterial Cells
Definition of operon
a group of closely linked genes that produces a single messenger RNA molecule in transcription and that consists of structural genes and regulating elements (such as an operator and promoter)
Which sections are spliced out (removed)?
Introns
What are genes organised into in bacterial cells?
operon
Do several genes share a promoter in bacteria?
yes
Where are the genes in Eukaryotes?
Genes are made of DNA, and in Eukaryotes are stored in the many chromosomes in the nucleus.
what is a Promoter
In eukaryotes each gene has its own promoter. When the code is copied (transcribed) to make the protein the promoter shows where to start.
what is a Terminator
At the end of each gene is a terminator indicating the end of the gene and where transcription should stop.
what is an enhancer
an enhancer will speed up or slow down transcription
