outcome 2

Question 1

Controlled experiment

Answer 1

A type of investigation in which the causal relationship between two variable is tested in a controlled environment

Question 2

Case study

Answer 2

A type of investigation of an individual/ group/ phenomenon that contains a real/hypothetical situation.

Question 3

Correlational study

Answer 3

A type of non experimental study in which researchers observe and measure between 2 or more variables without any active control

Question 4

Classification and identification

Answer 4

Classification - the arrangement of “phenomena/ objects/ events” into manageable sets
Identification - the process of recognising which “” is in each set

Question 5

Fieldwork

Answer 5

Any research involving observation and interaction with people and environments in real world settings

Question 6

Literature review

Answer 6

The process of collating secondary data in order to answer a question or provide background info

Question 7

Modelling

Answer 7

The construction of a physical/ conceptual model that represents a system

Question 8

Simulation

Answer 8

A process of using a model to study the behaviour of a real/theoretical system

Question 9

Extraneous variable

Answer 9

Any variable that is not the independent variable but may cause an unwanted effect on the dependent variable

Question 10

Confounding variable

Answer 10

A variable that has directly and systematically affected the dependent variable, apart from the independent variable

Question 11

Confidentiality

Answer 11

The privacy, protection and security of a participants personal information

Question 12

Informed consent

Answer 12

Ensures participants understand the experiment and the risks before agreeing

Question 13

Voluntary participation

Answer 13

Ensures no coersion is placed on participant to partake

Question 14

Use of deception in research

Answer 14

The act of misleading participants ab/ the nature of the study

Question 15

Withdrawal rights

Answer 15

Participants have the right to discontinue their involvement at any time

Question 16

Debriefing

Answer 16

Ensures the participant leaves with an understanding of the purpose, aim and results

Question 17

Independent variable

Answer 17

The variable that is manipulated by the researcher. The “cause”

Question 17

Hypothesis

Answer 17

A testable prediction about the outcome of an investigation

Question 18

Dependent variable

Answer 18

The variable that is measured. The “effect”

Question 19

Sample

Answer 19

A subset of the research population

Question 20

Random sampling

Answer 20

Any sampling technique that uses a procedure to ensure every member of the population has equal chance of selection.

Question 21

Stratified sampling

Answer 21

Any sampling technique that involves selecting people from the population that ensures that it’s strata is represented

Question 22

Primary data

Answer 22

Data collected first hand by the researcher

Question 23

Secondary data

Answer 23

Data sourced from others’ prior research

Question 24

Qualitative data

Answer 24

Data expressed non-numerically

Question 25

Quantitative data

Answer 25

Data expressed numerically

Question 26

Objective data

Answer 26

Factual data; measured/ observed independent of personal opinion

Question 27

Subjective data

Answer 27

Data informed by personal opinion

Question 28

The hindbrain

Answer 28

The hindbrain is a region at the base of the brain. It coordinates basic survival functions such as movement, breathing rate, heart rate, and digestion.

Question 29

Parts of the hindbrain

Answer 29

Cerebellum, Medulla, Pons

Question 30

Function of the cerebellum

Answer 30

Monitors skeletal muscle movement, balance and posture, and controls procedural or sequential movements

Question 31

Function of the medulla

Answer 31

Regulates autonomic processes (respiration, heart rate, blood pressure and digestion) and initiates reflexive actions (coughing, sneezing, vomiting)

Question 32

Function of the pons

Answer 32

Relays information between the forebrain and the hindbrain Regulates respiratory system, controls sleeping, dreaming and waking

Question 33

The midbrain

Answer 33

The midbrain is a region at the center of the brain and is a part of the brain stem. It processes sensory information, coordinate motor movement relating to sensory stimuli, and regulates sleep

Question 34

Parts of the midbrain

Answer 34

Reticular Formation

Question 35

Function of the reticular formation

Answer 35

Filters neural information that is travelling to the brain and directs these messages to various areas and structures of the brain

Question 36

The forebrain

Answer 36

The forebrain is a large and prominent brain region, located at the top and front of the brain. It is responsible for sophisticated mental process, cognition, perception, learning, language and memory

Question 37

Parts of the forebrain

Answer 37

Cerebrum, hypothalamus, thalamus

Question 38

Function of the cerebrum

Answer 38

The largest structure of the brain, has two hemispheres, connected corpus callosum. Contains cerebral cortex which is responsible for many functions.

Question 39

Function of the hypothalamus

Answer 39

Regulates internal processes (hormone levels, hunger, thirst, body temp, blood pressure) as well as functions relating to emotional and motivated behaviours (sex, feeding)

Question 40

Function of the thalamus

Answer 40

Relay center for sensory information (excluding olfactory senses)

Question 41

Define cerebral cortex

Answer 41

The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the cerebrum

Question 42

The 4 distinct lobes of the cerebral cortex are…

Answer 42

The frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe and the temporal lobe

Question 43

Functions of the frontal lobe

Answer 43

Volition, judgement, abstract thinking, problem solving, memory, self awareness, emotional behaviour, personality, voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

Question 44

Associated regions of the frontal lobe

Answer 44

Primary motor cortex, Broca’s Area

Question 45

Primary Motor Cortex

Answer 45

Controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements

Question 46

Bronca’s Area

Answer 46

Controls language expression and the muscles required for speech

Question 47

Functions of the parietal lobe

Answer 47

Receives and processes bodily sensory information. Modulates attention and spatial perception. Damage may result in spatial neglect

Question 48

Associated areas of the parietal lobe

Answer 48

Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 49

Primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 49

Responsible for registering and processing sensory info from skin, organs, etc. to form perception of touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and muscle movement

Question 50

Functions of the temporal lobe

Answer 50

Interprets auditory information, comprehension of language, formation of memory, recognition of faces, emotional control

Question 51

Associated areas of the temporal lobe

Answer 51

Primary auditory cortex, Wernicke’s area

Question 52

Primary Auditory Cortex

Answer 52

Receives and process auditory information

Question 53

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 53

Wernicke’s area is responsible for the comprehension of speech, enabling the understanding of spoken language

Question 54

Functions of the occipital lobe

Answer 54

Processes and interprets sight

Question 55

Associated areas of the occipital lobe

Answer 55

Primary visual cortex

Question 56

Primary visual cortex

Answer 56

The primary visual cortex has an important role in receiving and processing visual information

Question 57

Traumatic brain injury

Answer 57

Caused by external factors or forces

Question 58

Non traumatic brain injury

Answer 58

Caused by internal factors

Question 59

Acquired brain injury

Answer 59

Any type of brain damage that occurs after birth

Question 60

How does an acquired brain injury affect functioning?

Answer 60

Biologically, Psychologically, Socially

Question 61

How does an acquired brain injury affect biological functioning?

Answer 61

Behaviour, organ function, cellular and nueronal function

Question 62

How does an acquired brain injury affect psychological functioning?

Answer 62

Cognition, behaviour, emotion

Question 63

How does an acquired brain injury affect social functioning?

Answer 63

Relationships, interpersonal skills, interactions with environment

Question 64

Machine learning

Answer 64

An element of artificial intelligence that allows software to become more accurate at predicting outcomes by mimicking the way that humans learn

Question 65

Gut - brain axis

Answer 65

Gut-brain axis is the bidirectional connection between the gut and the brain through multiple parts of the nervous system

Question 66

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Answer 66

CTE is a fatal neurodegenerative disease associated with repeated brain injuries

Question 67

Symptoms of CTE

Answer 67

Memory loss, depression, anxiety and paranoia, mood impairments, difficulties in executive functioning, attention and concentration, and disturbances in behaviour

Question 68

CTE diagnosis

Answer 68

CTE can only be diagnosed post-mortem through brain tissue analysis. Brain tissue slices are stained to make visible the widespread build-up of p-tau; which forms neurofibrillary tangles.