Outcome 2 Flashcards
Approaches overtime to understanding the role of brain
- Brain vs heart
- Mind-body problem
- Phrenology
Brain vs heart debate
the issue of whether the brain or the heart was the source of human thoughts, feelings and behaviour
mind-body problem
involves questions between brain activity and conscious experience; relation between what our brain does and our awareness of our own existence and our internal and external enviros
Theory
-dualism- the mind and body are separate but connected
Phrenology
the study of the relationship between the skulls surface features and a persons personality and behavioural characteristics
Hindbrain location and function
- base of brain around brain stem
- control or influence various motor functions and vital automatic responses e.g breathing, heart rate , sleep and arousal
midbrain location and function
- central part of brain
- a collection of structures involved with movement, processing of visual, auditory and tactile sensory information, sleep and arousal
forebrain location and function
- largest and most prominent part of the brain. located above the midbrain and extends across the top of the brain
- regulates complex cognitive processes such as thinking, learning, memory and perception as well as various aspects of emotion and personality
hindbrain structure
cerebellum
medulla
pons
cerebellum function
co-ordinates fine muscle movements and regulates posture and balance
medulla function
controls vital bodily functions e.g swallowing, breathing, heart rate, bp, vomiting, swallowing, coughing
pons function
involved in sleep, dreaming and arousal from sleep (waking), controlling breathing and coordination of some muscle movements
reticular formation function
- Helps screen incoming info so as not to overload the brain
- alerts higher brain areas to important info
- maintains consciousness
- regulates arousal and muscle tension
hypothalamus function
- vital role in maintaining the body’s internal environment
- main function is regulating the release of hormones through the pituitary gland and influence behaviours associated with basic bio needs e.g hunger and thirst
thalamus function
filters info from almost all the sense receptor sites (except the nose) then passes it to the relevant areas of the brain for further processing
cerebrum function
- receive and process incoming and outgoing info
- cerebrum and cerebral cortex are primary responses for almost everything we consciously feel and do
Cortical lobes of cerebral cortex
- Frontal lobe- primary motor cortex
- parietal lobe- primary somatosensory cortex
- occipital lobe- primary visual cortex
- temporal lobe- primary auditory cortex
roles of cerebral cortex
-cerebral hemisphere
- hemispheric specialisation
what are the cerebral hemispheres
are two almost symmetrical brain areas running from the front to the back of the brain
referred to as left and right side of brain. both sides usually act together in co-ordinate and interactive way
left hemisphere specialisation
- receive and process sensations from right side of body
-control voluntary movements on the right side of the body - verbal tasks (reading, writing)
- analysis (maths, evaluation)
- logical reasoning
right hemisphere specialisation
receive and process sensations from left side of body
-control voluntary movements on the left side of the body
- non-verbal tasks and processing the ‘whole’ (rather than bits)
- Spatial and visual thinking ( visualising a location, solving puzzle)
- Fantasy (daydreaming )
- Appreciation of art and music
- recognising emotions (reading body language)
structures in temporal lobe and their functions
Wernicke’s area - speech comprehension and production
auditory cortex- receives and processes sounds from both ears for auditory perception
frontal lobe structures and their functions
Borca’s area- speech production and comprehension
primary motor cortex- control of voluntary bodily movements (left controls right and vice versa)
parietal lobe structure and function
primary somatosensory cortex - receive and process sensory info from the skin and body for perception of bodily sensations
occipital lobe structure and function
primary visual cortex- receive and process visual info from eyes ( left processes info from right and vice versa
first brain experiments
-brain ablation
-electrical stimulation of the brain
-neuroimaging techniques
temporal lobe structures and function
Werniks area- speech comprehension and production
auditory cortex- receivex and processes sounds from both ears for auditory perception
brain injury def
any type of brain damage or disorder that impairs or interferes with the normal functioning of the brain, either temporarily or permanently
traumatic brain injury def
type of acquired brain injury that occurs when an external force causes damage to the brain
stroke definition, types
occurs when blood supply to part of the brain in interrupted
ischaemic- blood supply is stopped dude to blocked vessel
haemorrhagic- vessel supplying blood to brain gets weak and bursts causing brain bleed
Stroke symptoms, effect and treatment
symptoms: slurred speech, numbness or weakness in face, arm , leg or one side of the body, loss of balance and coordination etc
effects everyone differently depending on stroke type, area of damage and the individual
rehab can help people relearn and find new ways of doing things
epilepsy definition, types and symptoms
neurological disorder involving recurrent spontaneous seizures brought on by interference in normal brain activity
- facial- start in one brain area or hemisphere and affect the areas controlled
- generalised
- unknown onset
- loss of consciousness
-amnesia
-jerking, shaking movements, loss of postural sup[port
possible causes and treatments for seizure
TBI
brain tumor
stroke-lack of oxygen to the brain
-surgery or meds
CTE concussion
type of TBI caused by a blow to the head or hit to the body that causes the brain to move rapidly back and forth
brain injury affect bio, psych and social
B- dizziness
- balance problems
- impaired speech, reading, writing
P- memory problems
-behavioural changes
-difficulty problem solving
S- social isolation -difficulty making and keeping friends
-social role changes
