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PATH242 > Outcome 1 Notes: Cell Needs, Processes and Disturbances > Flashcards

Outcome 1 Notes: Cell Needs, Processes and Disturbances Flashcards

1
Q

Study of living cells

A

Cytology

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2
Q

Study of shapes + sizes of cells

A

Morphology

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3
Q

Cell theory

A
  • Basic living unit
  • Arise from pre-existing cells
  • Organisms are made of 1+ cells
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4
Q

Group of similar cells working together

A

Tissue

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5
Q

Structure made of a variety of tissues working together

A

Organ

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6
Q

Group of organs working together

A

System

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7
Q

6 life processes of the human cell

A
  • Metabolism
  • Responsiveness
  • Movement
  • Growth
  • Differentiation
  • Reproduction
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8
Q

Sum of all chemical reactions within body cells

A

Metabolism

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9
Q

Breaks molecules to release energy

A

Catabolism (deconstructive)

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10
Q

Uses energy to make body structure + allow function

A

Anabolism (constructive)

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11
Q

Sense stimuli in the environment (inside/outside)

A

Responsiveness

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12
Q

All activities of the whole body

A

Movement

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13
Q

Increase size of body part/organism via increase in:

  • # cells
  • size of cells
  • substance surrounding cells
A

Growth

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14
Q

Anabolic (constructive) activities occurring faster than catabolic (deconstructive) activities

A

True growth

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15
Q

Increase size of existing cells

A

Hypertrophy

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16
Q

Increase number of cells

A

Hyperplasia

17
Q

Unspecialized cells becoming specialized cells

A

Differentiation

18
Q

Formation of new cells for growth, repair, replacement (cell division) or creation of new individual

A

Reproduction

19
Q

5 survival needs of the human cell

- to maintain homeostasis

A
  • Food
  • Oxygen
  • Water
  • Body temperature
  • Atmospheric pressure
20
Q

Decrease size of organ/tissue

- “wasting away”

A

Atrophy

21
Q

Cells lose appearance of parent cells

  • resembles undifferentiated/embryonic cells
  • immature cell form
  • most malignant tumors
A

Anaplasia

22
Q

Change in cell size, shape, or arrangement due to chronic irritation/inflammation
- sign of early neoplasm (between hyperplasia + neoplasia)

A

Dysplasia

23
Q

Mature cell transformed into another type

A

Metaplasia

24
Q

State of hypoxia/reduction of blood flow deprives cell of oxygen
- ex. angina

A

Ischemia

25
Q

Absence of oxygen results in cell death/necrosis

- ex. myocardial infarction

A

Anoxia

26
Q

5 physical agents that can injure the cell

A
  • Heat
  • Cold
  • Trauma
  • Radiation
  • Electric shock
27
Q

6 causes of cell injury

A
  • Ischemia
  • Anoxia
  • Physical agents
  • Chemical agents
  • Infiltration
  • Microorganisms
28
Q

Substance that normally does not enter the cell passes through cell filters and interfere with ability to function

A

Infiltration

29
Q

5 microorganisms that can injure the cell

A
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Virus
  • Protozoa
  • Helminths

PATH242 (6 decks)

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