Outcome 1 Exercise 2: Genetic Basics

Question 1

3 causes of mutation

Answer 1

• Chemical agents
• Radiation
• Random

Question 2

Twisted ladder shape of DNA

Answer 2

Double helix

Question 3

4 DNA bases

Answer 3

Guanine
Cytosine

Adenine
Thymine

Question 4

How many chromosomes in a human cell?

Answer 4

46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

Question 5

What is formed when a sperm + egg cell are joined?

Answer 5

Zygote

Question 6

How many chromosomes are in a sperm/egg cell?

Answer 6

23 chromosomes

Question 7

3 types of traits

Answer 7

• Physical
• Behavioural
• Predispositions for medical conditions

Question 8

Zygote with 47 chromosomes

Answer 8

Trisomy

Question 9

Zygote with 45 chromosomes

Answer 9

Monosomy

Question 10

Tip of a chromosome is lost

Answer 10

Terminal deletion

Question 11

Inner piece of the chromosome is lost + remaining pieces rejoin

Answer 11

Interstitial deletion

Question 12

Reattachment of part of a chromosome to another chromosome

Answer 12

Translocation

Question 13

Even swap is made between 2 chromosomes

Answer 13

Reciprocal translocation

Question 14

Long arms of 2 acrocentric chromosomes join at the centromere (2 short arms are lost)

Answer 14

Robertsonian translocation

Question 15

Centromere located near one end of the chromosome

Answer 15

Acrocentric