Outcome 1

Question 0

What is an ethical issue?

Answer 0

A question, situation or problem where There are at least two contending possible courses of action having different outcomes. People argue in terms of their understanding of what is desirable or undesirable human conduct.

Question 1

What is ethics?

Answer 1

Ethics is a disciplined study of the evaluative and moral judgements made about issues in our society.
Examples: How should we care for the sick? Who should protect public property?

Question 2

What is morality?

Answer 2

Morality refers to the codes we hold about right and good behaviour. It is our judgments, feelings, choices, acts, thoughts about what might be right or wrong good or evil. Our morality comes from our personal experiences such as family, friends, society and religion.

Question 3

What is a consequence?

Answer 3

The result of an action that we take it could be negative or positive reaction.

Question 4

What is natural law?

Answer 4

An individual being has innate knowledge of right and wrong.

Question 5

Define pluralism

Answer 5

Acceptance of various religions and the acknowledgment of diversity.

Question 6

What are principles?

Answer 6

A role or belief governing our behaviour.

Question 7

What is relativism?

Answer 7

Stresses that culture, context and circumstances is influential when making a decision. Relativists do not make judgments about whether or not an action is right and wrong for everyone.
Strengths: takes into account the situation of the couture from which the decision arises.
Weaknesses: discussion against the races and cultures of different people.

Question 8

What is utilitarianism?

Answer 8

The approach to an ethical problem stresses the usefulness of an action promoting the common good.
Strength: appears to protect the common good.
Weaknesses: does not consider the right of individuals.

Question 9

Define values

Answer 9

Something used to guide ones life, it cannot be dependent on some authority figure enforcing the value.

Question 10

Define virtues

Answer 10

Moral excellence. A virtue is a character trait or quality valued as being always good in and of itself.

Question 11

Define subjectivism

Answer 11

The approach to an ethical problem which stresses that the individual has the right to make judgments and take action according to their own judgments, freedom and conscience. It ignores society and community laws and takes no account of the interest and well being of other.
Strengths: protects the individual and rights to freedom of choice.
Weaknesses: no person is entitled to judge what the individual chooses to do. Ignores society and community laws and takes into account of the interests and well being of others.

Question 12

Define nihilism

Answer 12

The approach to an ethical problem stresses that life has no meaning and that no goal is better than another, that no action an individual makes any difference and that all decisions are based from our emotional or social needs. Radically permissive and hopeless approach.
Strengths: provides solidarity for those who see life as absurd.
Weaknesses: radically permissive and hopeless approach.

Question 13

What model did Kohlberg develop?

Answer 13

He developed a method to understand the theory of moral development of the youth and their understanding of right and wrong and how it changed over time.

Question 14

What is a conscience?

Answer 14

Feelings or remorse when when a human commits actions that go against an individuals moral values.

Question 15

What is situation ethics?

Answer 15

Stresses that ethical behaviour is seen solely in terms of behaving in the spirit love.
Strengths: sees each situation as unique weakness and can be interpreted individually.
Weaknesses: nothing is seen as wrong except for an action that is seen to be unloving.

Question 16

Kohlberg information

Answer 16

Born on October 25 1927, died of suicide on the 19 of January 1987. Phycologist.

Question 17

What are the 6 stages of Kohlbergs method of moral ethics.

Answer 17

Stage 1: punishment orientation: obedience to authority is considered.
Stage 2: pleasure seeking annexation: action is determined by ones own needs.
Stage 3: good boy/ good girl orientation: action determined by the approach of their peer group.
Stage 4: authority orientation: should uphold the law at all costs. Follow all social rules.
Stage 5: Social contact orientation: rules are open to question but are upheld for the good of the community.
Stage 6: moral of individual principles: high value is placed on justice, dignity and equality.

Question 18

What are the three levels of moral development called?

Answer 18

Pre conventional: concrete interests of the individuals involved in a situation.
Conventional: member of society and take into account what the group or society expects an individual to do within its moral norms.
Post conventional: considered from an above society perspective. The person at this level sees beyond the current laws and norms of society and thinks about the principles upon which a just society can be based.

Question 19

Name 5 code of ethics a doctor must follow

Answer 19

Consider first the well-being of your patient.
Treat your patient with compassion and respect.
Approach health care as a collaboration between doctor and patient.
Practise the science and art of medicine to the best of your ability.
Continue lifelong self-education to improve your standard of medical care.