Outbreak of Civil War Fact Test 1637-42 Flashcards
List three ways Charles I raised money during personal rule?
- Ship Money
- The Nuisance fine on the city of London
- Forest Fines
- Distraint of Knighthood
- Increasing wardship incomes
- New book of rates 1635
What were the bishops wars and what caused the first one?
Wars against Scottish Covenanters; imposition of the common prayer book upon Scotland in 1637.
3 reasons why Laud’s policies were unpopular?
Laud's personality - lowly background led to class hatred and perception of him as a busybody in a hurry due to his age. Family Pews destroyed and trials in prerogative courts which used low class punishments like mutilation: angered gentry Beauty of Holiness and emphasis on sacraments seen as too Catholic
What was the Scottish National Covenant 1638?
A document created by the Scots in which they reject bishops, English interference and the common prayer book.
Which treaty ended the second bishops war and what reparations did it impose upon Charles?
Ripon - £850 per day to fund their occupation of Newcastle and prevent any further advance.
What was the policy of “thorough” and who was associated with it?
Increasing administrative efficiency and centralisation - seen as absolutist; associated with Thomas Wentworth particularly but also William Laud.
Who was John Pym?
An MP who led the radical “Junto” faction in the commons which coordinated opposition to Charles’s royal prerogative in favour of common law.
When exactly was Strafford executed? Why?
12 May 1641. Parliament found him guilty of treason by act of attainder but the evidence was sketchy, in reality the parliamentarians were afraid of him.
Why did Charles agree to Strafford’s execution?
Fear for the safety of his family in the light of mob anger.
List 2 pieces of legislation passed by the long parliament.
The triennial act and act for perpetual parliament
The dismantling of the machinery of personal rule - ship money, knighthood fines etc. stopped and prerogative courts disbanded.
Who died in 1641 and why is this important?
Earl Bedford - he had a foot in both the court and the junto faction and could have been a peacemaker. His death also made the Junto more vulnerable to Charles (he had been protecting them somewhat) spurring them on to more radical action.
What were the ten propositions?
A set of demands to Charles including that he delay his trip to Scotland (fearing he would use Scottish army)
When and what was root and branch petition?
December 1640
Abolition of episcopacy (bishops). Very divisive and played a role in beginning the breakup of the anti-court consensus.
Why did Charles go to Scotland in 1641?
To sign a formal peace and try to gain their support against Parliament.
Who were Edward Hyde (later Earl Clarendon) and Viscount Falkland?
Constitutional Royalists - moderate parliamentarians who felt the Junto had gone too far.
