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Infection > Outbreak! > Flashcards

Outbreak! Flashcards

1
Q

What are healthcare associated infections?

A

An infection caught when getting healthcare in hospitals, care homes, GP surgeries, health centres or care at home

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2
Q

Give examples of common healthcare associated infections

A

UTIs, infections post-op, skin infections, sickness and diarrhoea

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3
Q

What are the common reasons for HAIs?

A 
Catheterisation
Surgical site infection
Intubation
Central venous catheter
GI infection
Skin and soft tissue infection
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4
Q

What is the definition of an outbreak?

A

2 or more cases of an infection linked in time and place

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5
Q

What are the stages in the chain of infection?

A 
Infectious Agent
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry
Susceptible Host
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6
Q

What are the ways to break the chain of infection at the mode of transmission?

A
  • Hand hygiene
  • PPE
  • Food Safety
  • Cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation
  • Isolation
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7
Q

What are the ways to break the chain of infection at the reservoir?

A
  • Cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation
  • Infection prevention policies
  • Pest control
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8
Q

What are the ways to break the chain of infection at the portal of entry?

A
  • Hand hygiene
  • PPE
  • Personal hygiene
  • First aid
  • Removal of catheters and tubes
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9
Q

What are the ways to break the chain of infection at the susceptible host?

A
  • Immunisation
  • Treatment of underlying disease
  • Patient education
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10
Q

What are the ways to break the chain of infection at the portal of exit?

A
  • Hand hygiene
  • PPE
  • Control of aerosols and splatter
  • Respiratory etiquette
  • Waste disposal
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11
Q

What are the ways to break the chain of infection at the infectious agent?

A
  • Diagnosis and treatment

- Antimicrobial stewardship

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12
Q

What is the difference between a droplet and an aerosol?

A

Droplet

  • > 5 micrometre
  • Spread roughly 1m
  • Drop to ground

Aerosol

  • <5 micrometre
  • Widespread
  • Remain suspended in the air
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13
Q

What is the difference between cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation

A

Cleaning: physical removal of organic material and decrease in microbial load
Disinfection: large reduction in microbe numbers - spores may remain
Sterilisation: removal/destruction of all microbes and spores

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14
Q

Give examples of low, medium and high risk equipment

A

Low: stethoscopes, cots and mattresses
Medium: bedpans, specula and endoscopes
High: surgical instruments

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15
Q

Give examples of methods of disinfection

A

Heat: pasteurisation and boiling
Chemical: alcohol, chlorhexidine, hypochlorites and hydrogen peroxide

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16
Q

Give examples of methods of sterilisation

A

Autoclave (steam under pressure)
Hot Air Oven
Gas
Ionising Radiation

17
Q

Give examples of transmission based precautions that may be needed

A 
Droplet/Contact
Gloves
Aprons
Masks
Eye protection

Infection (15 decks)

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