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Infection > Immunisation and Prophylaxis > Flashcards

Immunisation and Prophylaxis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of vaccines?

A
  • Live attenuated
  • Inactivated
  • Detoxified exotoxin
  • Subunit of micro-organism: purified microbial products and recombinant
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2
Q

Name some common live attenuated vaccines

A
  • MMR
  • BCG
  • Varicella-zoster virus
  • Yellow fever
  • Smallpox
  • Typhoid
  • Polio
  • Rotavirus
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3
Q

Name some common inactivated vaccines

A
  • Polio
  • Hepatitis A
  • Cholera
  • Rabies
  • Japanese encephalitis
  • Tick-borne encephalitis
  • Influenza
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4
Q

Name some common detoxified exotoxin vaccines

A
  • Diptheria

- Tetanus

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5
Q

Name some common subunit vaccines

A
  • Pertussis
  • H influenzae type B
  • Pneuomoccocus
  • Typhoid
  • Anthrax
  • HepB
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6
Q

What are the components of the 6 in 1 vaccine: Infanrix hexa

A
  • Diptheria
  • Tetanus
  • Pertussis
  • Polio
  • H influenzae B
  • HepB
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7
Q

Which immunisations does a child get at two months?

A
  • 6 in 1 vaccine
  • Pneumococcal conjugate
  • Rotavirus
  • MenB
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8
Q

Which immunisations does a child get at 3 months?

A
  • 6 in 1 vaccine

- Rotavirus

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9
Q

Which immunisations does a child get at four months?

A
  • 6 in 1 vaccine
  • Pneumococcal
  • MenB
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10
Q

Which immunisations does a child get at 1yr?

A
  • Hib
  • Men C
  • MMR
  • Pneumoccocal
  • Men B
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11
Q

Which immunisation can a child get aged 2-8 yrs?

A

Influenza

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12
Q

Which immunisations does a child get aged 3-5yrs?

A
  • 4 in 1 booster

- MMR

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13
Q

Which immunisation do girls aged 12-13 get?

A

HPV

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14
Q

Which immunisations does a 14yr old get?

A
  • 3 in 1 booster

- Men ACWY

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15
Q

When is the BCG vaccine given?

A
  • Babies from high incidence areas
  • Babies with parents/grandparents born in a country with a high TB incidence
  • Children with TB risk factors
  • New immigrants from high prevalence countries for TB
  • Contacts of resp. TB patients
  • Healthcare workers
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16
Q

What are the indications for the flu vaccine?

A
  • Age > 65yrs
  • Nursing home residents
  • Some healthcare workers
  • Immunodeficiency
  • Asplenia
  • Chronic liver, renal, cardiac and lung disease
  • Diabetes
  • Coeliac disease
  • Pregnant women
17
Q

What are the indications for the pneumococcal lolysaccharide vaccine?

A
  • Immunodeficiency or immunosuppression
  • Asplenia
  • Sickle cell disease
  • Chronic liver, renal, cardiac and lung disease
  • Diabetes
  • Coeliac disease
18
Q

What are the indications for the HepB vaccine?

A
  • New borns from 2018
  • Children at high risk of exposure
  • Health care workers
  • PWID
  • MSM
  • Prisoners
  • Chronic liver or kidney disease
19
Q

What are the indications for the chickenpox vaccine?

A
  • Patients who have a suppressed immune systems e.g. cancer treatment or organ transplant
  • Children in contact with risk of severe VZV
  • Health care workers if sero-neg
20
Q

What are the indications for the shingles vaccine?

A

All elderly patients

21
Q

What are the indications for human normal immunoglobulin?

A
  • Immunoglobulin deficiencies

- Treatment of some autoimmune disorders e.g. myasthenia gravis

22
Q

Give some examples of disease specific immunoglobulins (post exposure)

A
  • HepB
  • Rabies
  • Tetanus anti-toxin
  • Varicella zoster
  • Diptheria anti-toxin
  • Botulinum anti-toxin
23
Q

Name the features of the risk assessment for immunisation for travellers

A
  • Health of the traveller
  • Previous immunisation and prophylaxis
  • Area to be visited
  • Duration of visit
  • Accommodation
  • Activities
  • Remote areas
  • Recent outbreaks
24
Q

What general measures are a part of travel advice?

A
  • Care with food/water
  • Hand washing
  • Sunburn/sunstroke
  • Altitude
  • RTAs
  • Safer sex
  • Mosquitoes: bed nets, sprays and covering up
25
Q

Name the common immunisations for travellers

A
  • Tetanus
  • Polio
  • Typhoid
  • Hep A
  • Yellow fever
  • Cholera
26
Q

Name immunisations for travellers that are only given in special circumstances

A
  • Men ACWY
  • Rabies
  • Diptheria
  • Japanese B encephalitis
  • Tick borne encephalitis
27
Q

List the ABCD of malaria prevention

A
  • A: awareness of risk
  • B: bite prevention
  • C: chemoprophylaxis
  • D: diagnosis and treatment
28
Q

How can mosquito bites be prevented?

A
  • Cover up at dawn and dusk
  • Insect repellent sprays and lotions
  • Mosquito coils
  • Mosquito nets
29
Q

Name the chemoprohylaxis that is used against malaria

A
  • Malarone
  • Doxycycline
  • Mefloquine
  • Chloroquine + proquanil
30
Q

When is prophylaxis used?

A
  • Chemoprophylaxis agaisnt malaria
  • PEP
  • HIV PEP (needle stick or sexual intercourse
  • Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis

Infection (15 decks)

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