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Year 3 - Infection > Outbreak > Flashcards

Outbreak Flashcards

1
Q
  • Understand the difference between ‘colonisation’ and ‘infection’ and list the microbial and host factors leading to an increased risk of infection.
  • List the main modes of transmission of microbes and which microbes are largely transmitted by which route.
  • Describe the ‘chain of infection’ and list ways of breaking it.
  • Define what is meant by ‘cleaning’, ‘disinfection’ and ‘sterilisation’ and give examples of how these are achieved.
  • Describe how to identify and control an outbreak.
A

.Be able to define Healthcare associated infection vs Community acquired infection

Understand the principles underpinning the chain of infection

Understand the importance of Infection Prevention and Control in breaking the chain of infection

Describe transmission based precautions (TBPs)

Contact precautions

Droplet precautions

Airborne precautions

Introduction to the principles of sterilisation and decontamination

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2
Q

Healthcare associated infection (HAI) =

A

infection you might catch when getting healthcare in hospitals, care homes, doctors’ surgeries, health centres or receiving care at home.

commonest in hospitals are UTIs, post-surgical infections, diarrhoea

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3
Q

Hospital acquired infection =

A

infection you might catch when getting healthcare in hospitals, care homes, doctors’ surgeries, health centres or receiving care at home.

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4
Q

Define an outbreak

A

2 or more cases of a infection linked in time and place

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5
Q

1st purpose of integrated primary care teams (IPCTs)

A

PREVENT individual infections AND outbreaks

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6
Q

6 parts of the chain of infection

A

Susceptible host
Infectious agent, e.g. bacteria, virus, fungi, prion –>
Reservoir –>
Portal of exit –>
Mode of transmission –>
Portal of entry –> back to susceptible host

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7
Q

List some reservoirs of infection (5)

A 
Humans
Equipment
Environment, e.g. water
Food 
Animals
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8
Q

List some portal of exits that infection can spread

A

Blood and body fluids
Broken skin/wound
Coughing/ sneezing (AIRBORNE)

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9
Q

List the main modes of transmission of microbes and which microbes are largely transmitted by which route

A

Contact (direct or indirect)
Inhalation
Ingestion

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10
Q

List some portal of entry of infectious agents

A 
Skin wounds
Eyes or mouth
Resp tract
GI tract
Tubes, i.e. arterial lines, NF tubes, catheters
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11
Q

Factors that make you a susceptible host

A

Underdeveloped immune system
Immunosuppressed
Drugs or diseases that immunosuppress
Tubes

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12
Q

Ways of breaking the chain of infection

-how to break the chain at the INFECTIOUS AGENT stage (!)

A

Diagnose and treat promptly

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13
Q

Ways of breaking the chain of infection

-how to break the chain at the RESERVOIR stage (3)

A

Cleaning/disinfecting/sterilising
Infection control procedures
Pest control

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14
Q

Ways of breaking the chain of infection

-how to break the chain at the PORTAL OF EXIT stage (4)

A

Hand hygiene
Personal protective equipment
Control of splatter of body fluids
Waste disposal

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15
Q

Ways of breaking the chain of infection

-how to break the chain at the MODE OF TRANSMISSION stage (5)

A 
Hand hygiene
Personal protective equipment
Food safety
Cleaning/disinfecting/sterilising
Isolate the infected person
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16
Q

Ways of breaking the chain of infection

-how to break the chain at the PORTAL OF ENTRY stage (4)

A

Hand hygiene
Personal protective equipment
Personal hygiene
Remove catheters/tubes if not necessary anymore

17
Q

Ways of breaking the chain of infection

-how to break the chain at the SUSCEPTIBLE HOST stage (3)

A

Immunise
Treat underlying disease
Patient education

18
Q

5 moments of hand hygiene

A 
Before touching patient
Before aseptic procedure
After body fluid exposure
After touching patient
After touching patient surroundings
19
Q

• Understand the difference between ‘colonisation’ and ‘infection’ and list the microbial and host factors leading to an increased risk of infection.

A

.

20
Q

CONTACT precautions when going near an isolated patient (4 principles)

A

Hand hygiene before entry
PPE - apron, gloves
Close door after entry
Prior to leaving room
-decontaminate equipment prior to removal from room,
-discard gloves and apron in appropriate bin,
-hand hygiene

21
Q

DROPLET precautions when going near an isolated patient (4 principles)

A

Hand hygiene before entering
PPE - apron, gloves, mask, eye protection
Keep door closed
Prior to leaving
-decontaminate equipment before removing from room
-discard PPE appropriately
-hand hygiene

22
Q

AIRBORNE precautions when going near an isolated patient (5 principles)

A

Hand hygiene before entering

PPE - apron, gloves, respirator mask, eye protection

Keep door closed

Prior to leaving

  • decontaminate equipment before removing from room
  • discard PPE appropriately
  • hand hygiene

After leaving

  • remove respirator + discard appropriately
  • hand hygiene
23
Q

Difference between droplet and aerosol

A

Droplet >5µm - spread about 1m

Aerosol <5µm - more widespread

24
Q

Define what is meant by ‘cleaning’, ‘disinfection’ and ‘sterilisation’

A

Cleaning
-Physical removal of organic material and decrease in microbial load

Disinfection
-Large reduction in microbe numbers - spores may remain

Sterilisation
-Removal/Destruction of ALL microbes and spores

25
Q

Examples of ‘cleaning’ in medical practice

A

For low risk of infection:
Intact skin contact e.g.
stethoscopes, cots

26
Q

Examples of ‘disinfection’ in medical practice

A

For medium risk of infection:
Mucous membrane
contact e.g. bedpans,
vaginal specula

27
Q

Examples of ‘sterilisation’ in medical practice

A

For high risk of infection - e.g. surgical instruments

28
Q

Methods of disinfection

A

Heat - e.g. pasteurising

Chemical - e.g. alcohol, chloerhexidine

29
Q

Methods of sterilisation

A

Steam under pressure (Autoclave)
Hot air oven
Gas (Ethylene dioxide)
Ionising radiation

Year 3 - Infection (12 decks)

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