Immunisation + prophylaxis

Question 1

• List the situations for which immunisations are currently recommended.
• Outline the characteristics of the vaccines used.
• Discuss the prevention of disease in the traveller.

Answer 1

.

Question 2

List the situations for which immunisations are currently recommended (4)

Answer 2

Childhood schedule
Special patient groups, e.g. influenza, hep B
Occupational
Travellers

Question 3

2 types of immunity

Answer 3

Adaptive

Innate

Question 4

2 broad types of immunisation

Answer 4

Natural

Artificial

Question 5

Vaccine types

Answer 5

Live
Killed (inactivated)
Toxoid (detoxified exotoxin)
Subunit (purified microbial products/recombinant)

Question 6

List some live vaccines (5)

Answer 6

MMR
BCG
VZV
Polio
Yellow fever

Question 7

List some killed vaccines (6)

Answer 7

Pertussis
Polio
Influenza
Hep A
Cholera
Rabies

Question 8

List some toxoid (detoxified exotoxin) vaccines (2)

Answer 8

Tetanus

Diphtheria

Question 9

List some subunit vaccines (6)

Answer 9

Pertussis
H. influenzae type B
Meningococcus (A, C, W, Y)
Pneumococcus
Hep B
Typhoid

Question 10

UK childhood immunisation schedule

Answer 10

See table document

Question 11

Indications for flu vaccine

Answer 11

Age >65
Nursing home residents
Chronic lung disease
Healthcare workers
Immunodeficient

Question 12

Indications for VZV vaccine

Answer 12

Immunosuppressed, e.g. cancer, transplant
Children in contact with those at risk of severe VZV
Healthcare workers

Question 13

Indication for herpes zoster vaccine

Answer 13

Elderly patients

Question 14

Examples of artificial passive immunisation (2)

Answer 14

Human normal immunoglobulin

Disease specific immunoglobulin, e.g. hep B Ig, rabies iG

Question 15

General measures to prevent disease in travellers

Answer 15

Hygienic food/water
Hand hygiene
Contraception
Mosquitoes - bed nets, insecticide

Question 16

Common immunisations for travellers

Answer 16

Tetanus
Polio
Typhoid 
Hepatitis A
Yellow fever
Cholera

Question 17

Antimicrobial prophylaxis is offered in what situations

Answer 17

Chemoprophylaxis against malaria
Post-exposure prophylaxis, e.g. HIV, hepatitis
Surgical prophylaxis

Question 18

‘ABCD’ of malaria prevention stands for

Answer 18

Awareness of risk
Bite prevention - cover up, insect repellent, bed nets
Chemoprophylaxis
Diagnosis + treatment