Our Obligation to Others + Tradeoffs Flashcards
Learn
According to Arthur, rights are which of the following?
A. Intrinsically good
B. A kind of entitlement
C. Morally irrelevant
D. None of the above
B. A kind of entitlement
Arthur’s story of the industious farmer and the lazy neighbor is meant to illustrate the idea of:
A. Perverse incentives
B. Just deserts
C. Human Rights
D. Unconditional Duties
B. Just deserts
Which of the following is an example of a negative duty?
A. A duty to rescue
B. A duty to aid
C. A duty not to steal
D. None of the above
C. A duty not to steal
Which of the following does Philippa Foot accept?
A. Positive duties are, in general, more stringent (or weightier) than positive duties
B. Negative duties are, in general, more stringent (or weightier) than positive duties
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
B. Negative duties are, in general, more stringent (or weightier) than positive duties
From Singer’s point of view, is it morally right to restrain from donating to aid agencies? Explain
No, Singer believes that every dollar that is not used for our primary essential needs should be donated to help people that are suffering.
What is the Greater Moral Evil Rule?
If you can prevent something bad from happening, without sacrificing anything nearly as important, it’s wrong not to do so.
What are entitlements?
It refers to what individuals are owed or allowed to claim based on rules, contracts, or laws.
What are Rights?
Rights are moral or legal principles that protect individuals’ claims to certain freedoms or goods. Singer emphasizes that rights often focus on individual autonomy but argues they can be overridden by stronger moral duties to help others.
What are Deserts?
Deserts relate to what someone morally deserves based on their actions, efforts, or merits. Singer critiques the idea that deserts alone justify wealth distribution, asserting that preventing suffering outweighs rewarding merit.
What are Positive Rights?
Rights of recipience (right to healthcare or education, contractual rights)
What are Negative Rights?
Rights of noninterference (the right to life, property rights and bodily rights)
What are Positive Deserts?
The thing deserved is a benefit (farmer deserves her surplus because she worked hard for it)
What are Negative Deserts?
The thing deserved is a harm ( the criminal deserves punishment for murdering an innocent stranger)
What is the Doctrine of Double Effect?
It can sometimes be permissible to knowingly bring about a bad effect in the course of achieving a good goal, even though it would not have been permissible to bring about that bad effect as one’s intended means to that good goal
What are Positive Duties?
Duties to aid or benefit others in various ways (rescuing, helping, etc.)
