Otology Flashcards
Common symptoms of the ear?
hearing loss tinnitus vertigo otalgia otorrhoea facial weakness **What are each of those**
What is tinnitus?
Tinnitus is the hearing of soundwhen no external sound is present.
Hearing loss and stress are known contributing factors.
Treatment aids to impact these causes.
What is vertigo?
Vertigo is a medical condition where a person feels as if they or the objects around them are moving when they are not. Often it feels like a spinning or swaying movement
What is otalgia?
Otalgia is pain in the ear.
What is Otorrhoea
Discharge of fluid from an external ear.
What is the instrument used in examination of the external ear?
Otoscope
What are the 2 tuning fork tests in ear examination?
Rinne’s test
Webers test
What are the results which can be taken from Rinne’s test?
- A normal ear air>bone (test ‘positive’)
- B conductive hearing loss bone>air (test ‘negative’)
- C sensorineural hearing loss air>bone (test ‘positive’)
What is conductive hearing loss?
External and middle ear issues causing a reduction in hearing.
What is sensory nuro hearing loss?
Abnormalities in the inner ear, resulting in a loss of hearing.
What are the results seen from Weber’s test?
A normal hearing both ears left=right (test ‘central’)
B sensorineural hearing loss right ear left>right (test ‘lateralises to left’)
C conductive hearing loss right ear right>left (test ‘lateralises to right’)
How should the Whispered voice test be carried out?
whispered voice at 60 cm mask other ear no lip reading
**What is an audiogram? Look up results etc
An audiogram is a graph that shows the audible threshold for standardized frequencies as measured by an audiometer.
Used to outline any hearing loss.
What is tympanography?
Tympanometry is an examination used to test the condition of the middle ear and mobility of the eardrum (tympanic membrane) and the conduction bones by creating variations of air pressure in the ear canal.
What is the cause of Auricular Haematoma?
The cause is bleeding within the external portion of the ear, a condition known as hematoma auris, perichondrial hematoma, or traumatic auricular hematoma. (Cauliflower ear)
What is ottitis externa?
Inflammation of the ear canal. It often presents with ear pain, swelling of the ear canal, and occasionally decreased hearing.Typically there is pain with movement of the outer ear.
What is ottitis media? Explain the two types of otitis media.
A group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. The two main types are acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME).
AOM is an infection of abrupt onset that usually presents with ear pain.
OME is also known as gllue each, it is most commoly associated with blockage of the eustacian tube of the ear, hench the build up of effusion.
What is a grommet?
Plastic tube inserted into the ear. To drain fluid from the middle ear.
What is perforated tympanic membrane?
A hole or tear in the thin tissue that separates your ear canal from your middle ear (eardrum).
A ruptured eardrum can result in hearing loss. A ruptured eardrum can also make your middle ear vulnerable to infections or injury.
What is cholesteatoma?
Cholesteatoma is a destructive and expanding growth consisting of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and/or mastoid process. Although cholesteatomas are not classified as either tumors or cancers, they can still cause significant problems because of their erosive and expansile properties resulting in the destruction of the bones of the middle ear (ossicles), as well as their possible spread through the base of the skull into the brain.
What is tympanosclerosis?
A condition caused by hyalinization and subsequent calcification of subepithelial connective tissue of TM and middle ear, sometimes resulting in a detrimental effect to hearing.
What is otosclerosis?
A disease of the bones of the middle and inner ear. The ossicles (bones) become knit together into an immovable mass, and do not transmit sound as well as when they are more flexible.
What is presbyacusis?
What is the effect of presbyacusis?
The cumulative effect of aging on hearing.
Resulting in high frequency hearing loss (Sensorineural).
How does noise induced hearing loss occur?
Damage to hair cells in the cochlea.
Loud noises can also cause damage to the tympanic membranes and middle ear ossicles too.
