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Endocrinology > Others > Flashcards

Others Flashcards

1
Q

Most common feature of MEN1 (occurs in 90%)

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism

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2
Q

MEN1

A

Pancreatic tumors
Parathyroid
Pituitary

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3
Q

Medical treatment MEN1 Dillinger Ellison syndrome goal and drug of choice

A

Basal acid output

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4
Q

Treatment of disseminated gastrinomas

A 
Chemo
Streptomycin
5- fluorouracil
Hormone therapy 
Ocreotide 
Lanreotide
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5
Q

MC pancreatic tumors in MEN 1 (>50%)

A

Gastrinomas

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6
Q

Characteristic clinical manifestations of glucagon a

A

Skin rash (necrolytic migratory erythema)
Weight loss
Anemia
Stomatitis

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7
Q

Medical treatment of insulinoma

A

Frequent carbohydrate meals
Diazoxide
Ocreotide

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8
Q

Reported in few patients with MEN1
(+) watery diarrhea
Hypokalemia
Achlorydia

A

VIPomas (vasoactive intestinal peptide)

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9
Q

Aka

VERNER MORRISON SYNDROME

A

VIPomas

WDHA (watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorydia) syndrome

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10
Q

Dx of VIPoma

A

Stool volume >0.5-1L / day during a fast

Markedly increased plasma VIP concentration

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11
Q

The most common enterobacter iv NET associated with MEN1

A

Nonfunctioning pancreatic NET

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12
Q

Criteria metabolic syndrome

A

Central obesity waist circumference >102 M, >88 cm

Hypertriglyceridemia >=150

Low HDL =130 or >=85 diastolic

FPG >= 100 mg/dl

Hypertension 130/80

3 or more!!!

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13
Q

Most accepted and unifying hypothesis to describe the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome

A

Insulin resistance

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14
Q

Onset of insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome is heralded by

A

Post prandial hyperinsulinemia

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15
Q

Excellent marker of the insulin resistant condition

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

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16
Q

Why is there an assoc of insulin resistance and hypertension when insulin is a vasodilator?

A

In insulin resistance, vasodilator Y effect of insulin is lost, but renal effect on sodium reabsorption is preserved

17
Q

How does reduction of Uric acid normalize blood pressure?

A

Uric acid has an adverse effect on nitric oxide synthase in the macula densa of the kidney

18
Q

This drug may increase fasting glucose levels in patients with metabolic syndrome

A

Nicotinic acid

19
Q

Effect of nicotinic acid on fasting triglycerides

A

20-35% lowering

20
Q

The only currently available dude with predictable HDL cholesterol raising properties

A

Nicotinic acid

21
Q

Drug of choice to lower fasting triglyceride levels

A

Fibrates

gem fibrosis or fenofibrate

22
Q

% reduction of Tg by fibrates

A

30-45%

23
Q

When is bariatric surgery an option for patients with metabolic syndrome?

A

BMI >= 40

Or >35 with comorbidities

24
Q

Precursor of Votamin D from the skin

A

7- dehydrocholesterol

25
Q

The major circulating and storage form of Vitamin D

A

25 hydroxyvitamin D

26
Q

Half life of Vit D

A

2-3 weeks

27
Q

Actions of PTH with regards to calcium

A

Bone- ça release
Kidney- ça reabsorption in distal tubules
Proximal renal tubules- synthesis of 1,25 di hydroxyvitamin D, a hormone that increases GI calcium absorption

28
Q

MC cause hyperparathyroidism

A

Autonomously functioning ADENOMAS or hyperplasia

29
Q

PTH receptors are found in..
Osteoblasts
Or osteoclasts

A

Osteoblasts!

Their osteoclastic action is cytosine mediated by osteoblasts

30
Q

Action of calcitonin

A

Hypocalcemia peptide hormone indirect antagonist to actions of PTH

Inhibits osteoclastic mediated bone resorption
Stimulation of renal calcium clearance

31
Q

Men syndrome lacking hyperparathyroidism

A

Men 2b

32
Q

MC location parathyroid ADENOMAS

A

Inferior parathyroid glands

33
Q

Mutations in protein encoding MENIN on chromosome 11q13

A

Men1

34
Q

Inactivating mutation in single allele of CSR leading to inappropriately. Kemal or inc secretion of PTH

A

Familial benign hypercalcemia

35
Q

Screening menopause

A

FSH

36
Q

Screening hyperparathyroidism

A

Serum calcium

Request for serum PTH if serum Ca is elevated

37
Q

Screening PCOS

A

Free testosterone

DHEAs

Endocrinology (8 decks)

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