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Endocrinology > Diabetes mellitus > Flashcards

Diabetes mellitus Flashcards

1
Q

Arterial pH in DKA

A

6.8-7.3

> 7.3 in HHS

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2
Q

Serum bicarbonate in DKA

A
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3
Q

Osmolality serum in DKA

A

300-320

In HHS: 330-380

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4
Q

When to screen for DM

A

Beginning at age 45, screen every 3 years or earlier in high risk groups

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5
Q

PPAR gamma inhibitor

A

Thiazolinedione

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6
Q

GLP-1 analogue

A

Exenatide

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7
Q

Increases LDL HDL and tg

A

Rosiglitazone

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8
Q

Ongoing safety review due to poss bladder cancer

A

Pioglitazone

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9
Q

Extremely serious complication of DKA seen mostly in children

A

Cerebral edema

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10
Q

Hco3 in DKA causes… (Give 3)

A
  1. Impair cardiac function
  2. Reduce tissue oxygenation
  3. Promote Hypokalemia
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11
Q

ADA glycemic goal for hospitalized patients

A

150-180

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12
Q

Effect of steroids on insulin

A

Increase insulin resistance
Decrease glucose utilization
Increase hepatic glucose production
Impair insulin secretion

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13
Q

Nonproliferative DM retinopathy

A

Retinal vascular micro aneurysms
Blot hemorrhages
Cotton wool spots

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14
Q

When to screen for microalbuminuria

A

T1 DM 5 yrs after diagnosis

T2 DM at the onset

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15
Q

RtA in DM

A

Type IV

Hypotensive kc hypoaldosteronism

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16
Q

Microalbuminuria

A

30-299 mg/d in 24h collection

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17
Q

MC form of DM neuropathy

A

Distal symmetric polyneuropathu

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18
Q

Mc mononeuropathy in DM

A

3rd cranial nerve

19
Q

Painful DM neuropathy Rx

A

Fluoxetine
Amitriptyline
Gabapentin valproate

20
Q

Mc pattern of dyslipidemia in DM

A

Increased Tg

Decreased HDL

21
Q

MC skin manifestations of DM

A

Xerosis

Pruritus

22
Q

Non islet cell hypoglycemia

A

Fasting hypoglycemia

23
Q

Rx of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy

A

Duloxetine

Pregabalin

24
Q

Erythematous macular or papular that evolves into an area of circular hyper pigmentation

A

Pigmented pre tibial papules

“diabetic dermopathy”

25
Q

MC skin manifestations of DM

A

Xerosis and Pruritus

26
Q

Dermatological manifestation of DM
Uncommon disorder accompanying diabetes in predominantly young women
Usually begins as an erythematous plaque or papules that gradually enlarge, darken and develop irregular margins
Often painful

A

NECROBIOSIS LIPOIDICA DIABETICORUM

27
Q

First defense against hypoglycemia

A

Decrease in insulin secretion (80-85)

2) glucagon (65-70)
3) epinephrine
4) beyond 4 hrs hypoglycemia (+) cortisol and growth hormone

28
Q

MC site of foot ulcer in T2DM.

A

Great toe

Metatarsophalangeal

29
Q

HbA1c reduction
Biguanides
SUR

A

1-2

29
Q

HbA1c reduction

Insulin

A

Unlimited

30
Q

HbA1c reduction
SGLT2
GLp-1 receptor agonist
Non SUR

A

0.5-1

31
Q

HbA1c reduction

MNT and physical activity

A

1-3

32
Q

Rx lowers insulin requirements

A

Thiazolinediazone

33
Q

Rx DM no hypoglycemia

A

GLP 1 receptor agonist
DPP IV
Biguanides

34
Q

Occurs in patients with parathyroid tumors in association with benign jaw tumors

A

Hyperparathyroidism jaw tumor

35
Q

Rx hypercalcemic states

Drug which acts to block bone resorption and is associated with tachyphylaxis

A

Calcitonin

36
Q

In hypercalcemia treatment after hydration is given, we give furosemide what for

A

To depress tubular absorptive mechanism of Ça

37
Q

DM goals p 2408

Pre prandial glucose goal

A

90-130

38
Q

DM goals p 2408

Post prandial

A
39
Q

GLP 1 receptor agonist currently approached for treatment of type 2 diabetes
(+) independent weight loss effects via hypothalamic neural activation causing appetite suppression

A

Liraglutide

40
Q

Amylin agonist
Slows gastric emptying
Decreased glucagon

A

Pranks tide

41
Q

This DM agent is contraindicated in the MTC

A

GLP-1 receptor agonists

42
Q

These anti DM agents do not cause hupoglycemia.

A

Biguanides
DPP IV inhibitors
GLP1 receptor agonists

Endocrinology (8 decks)

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