Diabetes mellitus

Question 1

Arterial pH in DKA

Answer 1

6.8-7.3

> 7.3 in HHS

Question 2

Serum bicarbonate in DKA

Question 3

Osmolality serum in DKA

Answer 3

300-320

In HHS: 330-380

Question 4

When to screen for DM

Answer 4

Beginning at age 45, screen every 3 years or earlier in high risk groups

Question 5

PPAR gamma inhibitor

Answer 5

Thiazolinedione

Question 6

GLP-1 analogue

Answer 6

Exenatide

Question 7

Increases LDL HDL and tg

Answer 7

Rosiglitazone

Question 8

Ongoing safety review due to poss bladder cancer

Answer 8

Pioglitazone

Question 9

Extremely serious complication of DKA seen mostly in children

Answer 9

Cerebral edema

Question 10

Hco3 in DKA causes… (Give 3)

Answer 10

1. Impair cardiac function
2. Reduce tissue oxygenation
3. Promote Hypokalemia

Question 11

ADA glycemic goal for hospitalized patients

Answer 11

150-180

Question 12

Effect of steroids on insulin

Answer 12

Increase insulin resistance
Decrease glucose utilization
Increase hepatic glucose production
Impair insulin secretion

Question 13

Nonproliferative DM retinopathy

Answer 13

Retinal vascular micro aneurysms
Blot hemorrhages
Cotton wool spots

Question 14

When to screen for microalbuminuria

Answer 14

T1 DM 5 yrs after diagnosis

T2 DM at the onset

Question 15

RtA in DM

Answer 15

Type IV

Hypotensive kc hypoaldosteronism

Question 16

Microalbuminuria

Answer 16

30-299 mg/d in 24h collection

Question 17

MC form of DM neuropathy

Answer 17

Distal symmetric polyneuropathu

Question 18

Mc mononeuropathy in DM

Answer 18

3rd cranial nerve

Question 19

Painful DM neuropathy Rx

Answer 19

Fluoxetine
Amitriptyline
Gabapentin valproate

Question 20

Mc pattern of dyslipidemia in DM

Answer 20

Increased Tg

Decreased HDL

Question 21

MC skin manifestations of DM

Answer 21

Xerosis

Pruritus

Question 22

Non islet cell hypoglycemia

Answer 22

Fasting hypoglycemia

Question 23

Rx of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy

Answer 23

Duloxetine

Pregabalin

Question 24

Erythematous macular or papular that evolves into an area of circular hyper pigmentation

Answer 24

Pigmented pre tibial papules

“diabetic dermopathy”

Question 25

MC skin manifestations of DM

Answer 25

Xerosis and Pruritus

Question 26

Dermatological manifestation of DM Uncommon disorder accompanying diabetes in predominantly young women Usually begins as an erythematous plaque or papules that gradually enlarge, darken and develop irregular margins Often painful

Answer 26

NECROBIOSIS LIPOIDICA DIABETICORUM

Question 27

First defense against hypoglycemia

Answer 27

Decrease in insulin secretion (80-85) 2) glucagon (65-70) 3) epinephrine 4) beyond 4 hrs hypoglycemia (+) cortisol and growth hormone

Question 28

MC site of foot ulcer in T2DM.

Answer 28

Great toe | Metatarsophalangeal

Question 29

HbA1c reduction Biguanides SUR

Answer 29

1-2

Question 29

HbA1c reduction | Insulin

Answer 29

Unlimited

Question 30

HbA1c reduction SGLT2 GLp-1 receptor agonist Non SUR

Answer 30

0.5-1

Question 31

HbA1c reduction | MNT and physical activity

Answer 31

1-3

Question 32

Rx lowers insulin requirements

Answer 32

Thiazolinediazone

Question 33

Rx DM no hypoglycemia

Answer 33

GLP 1 receptor agonist DPP IV Biguanides

Question 34

Occurs in patients with parathyroid tumors in association with benign jaw tumors

Answer 34

Hyperparathyroidism jaw tumor

Question 35

Rx hypercalcemic states | Drug which acts to block bone resorption and is associated with tachyphylaxis

Answer 35

Calcitonin

Question 36

In hypercalcemia treatment after hydration is given, we give furosemide what for

Answer 36

To depress tubular absorptive mechanism of Ça

Question 37

DM goals p 2408 | Pre prandial glucose goal

Answer 37

90-130

Question 38

DM goals p 2408 | Post prandial

Question 39

GLP 1 receptor agonist currently approached for treatment of type 2 diabetes (+) independent weight loss effects via hypothalamic neural activation causing appetite suppression

Answer 39

Liraglutide

Question 40

Amylin agonist Slows gastric emptying Decreased glucagon

Answer 40

Pranks tide

Question 41

This DM agent is contraindicated in the MTC

Answer 41

GLP-1 receptor agonists

Question 42

These anti DM agents do not cause hupoglycemia.

Answer 42

Biguanides DPP IV inhibitors GLP1 receptor agonists