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others Flashcards

1
Q

Schedule 1 drugs

A

No current therapeutic use
Possession and supply require Home Office permission

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2
Q

Schedule 2 drugs

A

Have therapeutic use but are hgihly addictive (subject to restrictions- prescription, storage, destruction and record keeping)
e.g. Methadone, Morphine, Fentanyl, Pethidiine, Quinalbarbitone, Ketamine, Etorphine
Kept in locked cabinet
Recorded in register (quinalbarbitone is exception)

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3
Q

Schedule 3 drugs

A

Have therapeutic use but (mis)use may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence (subject to restrictions- prescription and sometimes storage)
E.g. Buprenorphine, tramadol, gabapentin, pregablin, midazolam, pentobarbitone

buprenorphine, diethylpropion, flunitrazepam and temazepam must be kept in a locked cabinet
Dont need to record use
Advised to keep in locked cabinet

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4
Q

Schedule 4 drugs

A

Therapeutic but misuse may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence (no additional controls)
E.g. Alprazolam, diazepam, nandrolone, clenbuterol, somatotropin

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5
Q

Schedule 5 drugs

A

Contain such small quantities of substances which may cause dependence that the potential for abuse is considered extremely low
e.g. paracetamol with codiene (pardale)

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6
Q

Frusemide

A

Diuretic
Give to horse with pulmonary oedema in recovery

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7
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Corticosteroid
Give to horse with pulmonary oedema in recovery

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8
Q

ciclosporin clinical use

A

Immune suppressant
DECREASES IL-2 and therefore T and B cell activation and clonal expansion
Alters function of eosinophils, mast cells, granulocytes, macrophages, NK cells
Decreases other cytokines such as IL-3, IL-4, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, Tumour necrosis factor
Steroid sparing, often given with PREDNISOLONE
Licenced for atopic dermatitis, use in IMDS increasing

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9
Q

Side effects of ciclosporin

A

Mild GI signs often self-limiting if the dose is decreased for a few days
Increased risk of infection
Increased risk of thromboembolism
Other less likely: gingival hyperplasia and lymphoproliferative disorders

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10
Q

Azothiazine

A

Steroid sparing
NEVER USE IN CATS
Cytotoxic drug- inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
Impact on cell-mediated immunity-> decreased lymphocyte numbers and T cell-dependent antibody synthesis
low cost generally tolerated well

Onset can be delayed but variable
-> myelosuppression, acute pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity

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11
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Rapid, cheap, good anti-inflammatory action but significant side effects with long term use
-> neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, eosinopenia

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12
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Rapid, cheap, good anti-inflammatory action but significant side effects with long-term use
-> neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, eosinopenia

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13
Q

Low dose glucocorticoids

A

Anti-inflammatory
- inhibits release of pro-inflammatory cytokines
- stabilises granulocyte membranes

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14
Q

high dose glucocorticoids

A

Immune suppressive
- targets macrophage function- down-regulates Fc receptor expression, reduces phagocytosis of opsonised red blood cells (IMHA) and platelets
- Decreases antigen processing, suppresses t cell function and induces apoptosis of T cells, might inhibit B-cell antibody production in longer-term

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15
Q

prednisolone

A

most common glucocorticoid-> dogs and cats
Sometimes given to horses
ORALLY
24hr onset

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16
Q

Dexamethosone

A

IM/IV to horses

17
Q

Methylprednisolone acetate

A

Sometimes given as injection to fractious cats but avoid where possible due to side effects

18
Q

Triamcinolone acetonide

A

Given to horses to treat joint disease

19
Q

Olacitinib

A

Apoquel
oral->dogs
Block JAK-1 pathway predominantly
Good antipruritic with some anti-inflammatory action- atopic dermatitis
Appears safe long term

20
Q

Lokivetmab

A

Monoclonal antibody
Cytopoint
For atopic dermatitis
monthly injection- dogs only
Monoclonal antibody vs IL-31- very targeted therapy- good safety profile
Good antipruritic but minimal anti-inflammatory action
24hr onset

21
Q

Bedinvetmab

A

FOR DOGS
Monoclonal antibody
Librella
Neuralises Nerve growth factor
osteoarthris pain

22
Q

Solensia

A

Anti NGF monoclonal antibody as above
FOR CATS
only subcut injections

23
Q

Systemic options for osteoarthritis

A

tend to have more side effects
* NSAIDs (all species) (+paracetamol- works in a different way so useful in combination)​
* Bisphosphonates (equine)​
Glycosaminoglycan derivatives​- regenerative therapies

24
Q

Intra-articular treatment for osteoarthritis

A
  • Corticosteroids​!- none licensed in small animals, could use horse ones as part of cascade, all are chrondrotoxic
  • Glycosaminoglycan derivatives (hyaluronic acid)​
  • Synthetic hydrogels​
  • Biological products (stem cells (allogenic or autogenic), IRAP, PRP)​
    • IRAP- Interleukin-1 reactive protein, harvested and incubated from patients own blood- has immunomodulatory effects
      PRP- similar effects to IRAP
25
Q

Systemic joint sepsis

A

issues with dosing and sensitivity
- antibiotics
- NSAIDs

26
Q

Aglepristone

A

Allesin
progesterone receptor antagonist
ABORTION IN DOG
(pyometra?)

27
Q

Intra-articular treatment fro joint sepsis

A

can get higher concentration of antibiotics in one area which improves their sensitivity
* Antibiotics​
* (Opiods)​
Regional (IVRP) options​-
Intra regional lymph effusion- apply torniquet to region above point that you want to perfuse, catheterize distended vein and leave torniquet on for 30-45 mins to expose region to drug
Antibiotics​

28
Q

Difference between vasopressor and ionotrope

A

vasopressor-> vasoconstriction (vasopressin/adh)
Ionotrope-> increased heart contractility (dobutamine)
Drugs can be both- norepinephrine or ephedrine

29
Q

Adrenaline/Epinephriner

A

Adrenergic agonist – α and β receptors.
Positive inotrope and chrono trope.
Increases myocardial oxygen demand.
α adrenergic effects include peripheral vasoconstriction
‘Shunts’ blood from the periphery to the heart, brain and lungs.
Low dose adrenaline is recommended in CPR``
More vasoconstriction, less chronotropic and ioniotropic effects

30
Q

GnRH implant name

A

deslorelin

31
Q

drug for FSH like activity

A

eCG

32
Q

Drug for LH like activity

A

HCG- binds LH receptor and similar activity

33
Q

Progesterone formulations

A

Sponges- Flugesterone (Chonogest)
Vaginal devices- PRID/ CRID if in combo w GnRH/PGF2a
Depot- Progligesterone- Delvosteron
Oral for dogs- Megestrol (Ovarid)
Oral liquids- Altrenogest (regumate)

34
Q

Progesterone receptor antagoniswt

A

Algepristone (Alizin)
termination of pregnancy, induction of parturition, treatment of pyometra or pseudopregnancy in the bitch

35
Q

Prolactin inhibitors

A

removes support for CL function in queens and bitches
cabergoline
* To end the luteal phase, to terminate pregnancy and treat pyometra
* To reduce milk production and behaviour of pseudopregnancy
* To reduce milk after weaning
(To induce oestrus)

Drugs (6 decks)

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