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DMS EKG > Others > Flashcards

Others Flashcards

1
Q

Diffuse T wave peaking and prolonged PR interval that eventually disappears followed by QRS waves that merge with T waves is diagnostic of

A

Hyperkalemia

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2
Q

Hyperkalemia can cause…

A

V-fib & Death

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3
Q

ST segment depression
Flattening of Twave
and U waves are diagnostic of

A

Hypokalemia

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4
Q

Hypocalcemia does what to the QT interval?

A

Prolongs QT Interval

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5
Q

Hypercalcemia does what to the QT interval?

A

Shortens the QT Interval

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6
Q

Hypocalcemia can lead to what arrhythmia?

A

Torsades de pointes

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7
Q

What are the usual causes of hypomagnesemia?

A

GI or renal losses

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8
Q

What electrolyte disorder can cause hypokalemia, ventricular arrhythmias w/acute MI, digoxin toxicity, worsens hypocalcemia, and torsades de pointes?

A

Hypomagnesemia

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9
Q

Severe hypermagnesemia shows what EKG changes

A

Prolonged PR and QRS intervals

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10
Q

What are J waves (Osborn waves)

A

See an abrupt ascent at J point and then a sudden plung to baseline

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11
Q

Prolonged intervals and segments and appearance of J waves are diagnostic of

A

Hypothermia

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12
Q

Asymmetric ST segment depression and flattening/inversion of T waves is seen in

A

Therapeutic digitalis levels

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13
Q

When using digitalis _____ is more likely seen in patients with sick sinus syndrome

A

sinus node suppression

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14
Q

Which is a more significant measure of potassium levels: EKG or serum levels?

A

EKG changes are more significant

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15
Q

A dialysis patient comes to the ER and voices that they skipped their last two dialysis appointments. What EKG changes might you expect to see on the EKG?

A

Hyperkalemia:
Diffuse t wave peaking
PR interval prolonging
QRS widening- sine wave pattern

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16
Q

What are common causes to hypermagnesemia?

A

Renal failure or excessive intake

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17
Q

What can hypermagnesemia cause

A

cardiac arrest

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18
Q

Are U waves diagnostic of hypokalemia?

A

No, may be seen in other conditions and those with normal hearts

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19
Q

In general, if a T wave is upright, a following U wave is_____

A

Also upright

-usually same axis

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20
Q

When is digitalis most effective at slowing HR?

A

When sitting or lying, commonly lost during exertion

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21
Q

What can digitalis toxicity cause?

A

First, Second, and Third Degree Heart Block
PAT and PVC most common tachyarrhythmias
PAT w/second degree AV block is most common

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22
Q

What is the most common cause of PAT w/block

A

Digitalis toxicity

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23
Q

What body temp brings about EKG changes in hypothermia?

A

<30C

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24
Q

What mimics atrial flutter in hypothermia?

A

muscle tremor artifact

25
Q

What is the most common arrhythmia seen during hypothermia?

A

slow atrial fibrillation

26
Q

At what percent QT lengthening do you d/c drug that causes QT interval lengthening

A

Prolonged more than 25% from pts baseline

27
Q

Therapeutic digitalis changes best seen in what leads?

A

V5 V6

28
Q

What things can prolong the QT interval?

A 
Inherited Disorders
Many antiarrhythmics
Tricyclic antidepressants
Phenothiazines
Erythromycin
Quinolone antibiotics
Various antifungals
29
Q

Two most common tachyarrhythmias in digitalis toxicity

A

PAT and PVCs

30
Q

What cardiac cause shows dampening of electrical output shown in all leads?

A

Effusion, from pericarditis possibly

31
Q

Diffuse ST elevation that after returning to baseline shows T wave inversion
Sometimes with PR interval depression is diagnostic of

A

Pericarditis

32
Q

What is electrical alternans?

A

Heart is rotating within its fluid filled sac from excess effusion
EKG axis varies with each beat

33
Q

Patients with inherited QT intervals should be restricted from what?

A

Competitive sports and meds that prolong interval

34
Q

Patients with inherited QT intervals often treated with

A

Beta blockers and implantable defibrillators

35
Q

Correct QTc most accurate with what heart rates

A

50-120 bpm

36
Q

Specific or nonspecific: Flattening of T waves

A

nonspecific

37
Q

Specific or nonspecific: tented T waves

A

specific- hyperkalemia

38
Q

Specific or nonspecific: slightly inverted t waves

A

nonspecific

39
Q

Specific or nonspecific: deep t wave inversions

A

specific- usually ischemia

40
Q

What differentiates pericarditis from MI?

A

Diffuse in pericarditis
T wave inversion only after ST segments back to baseline in pericarditis
No Q waves in pericarditis
PR depression in pericarditis

41
Q

A patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy may have

A

LVH
left axis deviation
Q waves laterally and occasionally inferiorly

42
Q

Myocarditis can cause

A

conduction blocks

-esp bundle branch blocks & hemiblocks

43
Q

What is myocarditis?

A

Diffuse inflammatory process of the myocardium

44
Q

COPD can show what EKG changes

A

low voltage
right axis deviation
poor R wave progression in precordials

45
Q

COPD can cause/lead to

A

chronic cor pulmonale
right sided CHF and will show right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale)
RVH with repolarization abnormalities

46
Q

S1Q3T3 pattern is diagnostic of

A

Pulmonary Embolism

47
Q

What EKG changes can be seen in acute pulmonary embolism?

A

Pattern of RVh w/repolarization changes
RBB
S1Q3T3
arrhythmias

48
Q

What are the most common arrhythmias seen in PE?

A

sinus tachycardia &atrial fibrillation

49
Q

Diffuse deep symmetrical T wave inversion and prominent U waves are diagnostic of

A

Subarachnoid bleed or cerebral infarction

50
Q

What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death?

A

Coronary artery disease/atherosclerosis causing an infarction or arrhythmia

51
Q

What types of drug abuse can cause sudden cardiac death?

A

Cocaine and amphetamines

52
Q

What is commotion cordis?

A

blunt force to the chest causing v-fib possibly leading to sudden cardiac death
ie- baseball player with healthy heart that gets a ball directly to the chest

53
Q

What is constriction of the artery by surrounding tissue exacerbated by increased myocardial contractions during exercise causing v-fib?

A

Anomalous origin of the coronary arteries

-can cause sudden cardiac death

54
Q

What genetic mutation affects voltage dependent sodium channels during repolarization commonly seen in men in 20s and 30s?

A

Brugada Syndrome

55
Q

What EKG changes are diagnostic of Brugada Syndrome?

A

RBB

BST segment elevation in V1-V3

56
Q

When is sudden death most likely to occur in patients with Brugada Syndrome?

A

during sleep

57
Q

What can Brugada syndrome cause

A

Ventricular arrhythmias that can cause sudden death

-commonly fast polymorphic v-tach that looks like torasades

58
Q

In athletes hearts, are the most common causes of heart disorders?

A

Heart muscle disorders and sudden ventricular arrhythmias

59
Q

True or False: Athletes are at an increased risk for sudden cardiac death compared to non-athletes

A

True

DMS EKG (9 decks)

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