Hypertrophy & Enlargement of the Heart Flashcards
What is hypertrophy and what causes it
Increase in muscle mass
from pressure overload
What is enlargement and what causes it
Dilation of a chamber
from fluid overload
Normal QRS axis lies between
+90 and 0
Normally the p wave is (+/-) _____ in lead 1 & _____ in lead aVF
Positive in I and positive in aVF
acceptable to be positive in one and biphasic in another
Axis lying between +90 and +180 is considered
Lead aVF will be ____ & Lead I will be _____
Right Axis Deviation
aVF +
I -
Axis lying between 0 and -90 is considered
Lead aVF will be ____ & Lead I will be _____
Left Axis Deviation
aVF-
I+
Axis lying between -90 and +180 is considered
Lead aVF will be ____ & Lead I will be _____
extreme right axis deviation
Both leads will be negative
T wave axis is ________ should approximated QRS within __________
variable
within 50-60 degrees of QRS
Normal P wave axis is between
0 and 70 degrees
Atrial enlargement is best seen/most sensitive in
Lead II
Separation of atrial p waves is best seen in
Lead V1
-biphasic
Right atrial enlargement have p waves with amplitudes __________ in leads ________
greater than 2.5mm
in leads II, III, and aVF (inferior leads)
Left atrial enlargement
terminal portion of P wave drops more than 1mm below the isoelectric line in lead V1
Diagnoses of LAE requires terminal portion of P wave to be _______ in width
1 small block (.04seconds)
Left atrial enlargement is also called______ because it can occur in_____
P mitrale
valvular heart diseases, hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathies, and CAD
Most common causes of right ventricular hypertrophy are
pulmonary disease and congenital heart disease
Increased R wave amplitude in leads overlying the LV and increased S wave amplitude in leads overlying the RV are diagnostic of
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Leading causes of left ventricular hypertrophy are
systemic hypertension and valvular disease
Right ventricular repolarization abnormalities will be seen in leads ____
V1 and V2
Left ventricular repolarization abnormalities will be seen in leads_____
I, aVL, V5, and V6ed by
What parts of the EKG are affect by ventricular hypertrophy?
=Secondary repolarization abnormalities
ST segment & T wave changes
Secondary repolarization abnormalities include:
Down sloping ST segment
T wave inversion
RVH-right precordial T wave inversions
LVH- left precordial T wave inversions ( V5, V6)
________ repolarization abnormalities are more common
Left ventricle
