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Chemistry - Unit One > Other Useful Substances from Oil > Flashcards

Other Useful Substances from Oil Flashcards

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1
Q

What are long chain hydrocarbons like?

A

Gloopy liquids

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2
Q

How can we make hydrocarbon chains shorter?

A

Cracking

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3
Q

What type of catalyst is used during the process of cracking?

A

Powdered Aluminium Oxide

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4
Q

What temperature should cracking take place at?

A

400-700 degrees

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5
Q

What is cracking a form of?

A

Thermal decomposition

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6
Q

Describe the process of cracking.

A

1) The long chain hydrocarbons are vapourised.
2) The vapour is passed over powdered Aluminium Oxide.
3) The long chains split apart into smaller chains when they come into contact with the catalyst.

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7
Q

What is an alternative to cracking?

A

The long chain hydrocarbon vapour can be mixed with steam and raised to a very high temperature.

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8
Q

What are the products of cracking?

A

Alkanes and alkenes

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9
Q

What are five advantages of using crude oil?

A
  • Releases lots of energy
  • Burns fairly cleanly
  • Provides raw materials required to make other substances
  • Cheaper and easier than alternatives
  • Reliable
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10
Q

What are three disadvantages of using crude oil?

A
  • Oil spills poison wildlife
  • Thought to be the primary cause of global warming, acid rain and global dimming
  • Could be all used up in the next 25 years.
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11
Q

What are alkenes?

A

Hydrocarbons that have a double covalent bond between two carbon atoms.

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12
Q

What does unsaturated mean?

A

More atoms can be added to a molecule as the double carbon bond can be opened up.

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13
Q

What is the general formula for an alkene?

A

C H

n. 2n

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14
Q

What is the test for alkenes?

A

You add bromine water to the substance. If an alkene is present the bromine water will turn from orange to colourless.

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15
Q

How can one get ethanol from ethene?

A

Via a hydration reaction.

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16
Q

What is a hydration reaction?

A

When an alkene is reacted with steam in the presence of a catalyst to make an alkane.

17
Q

Why is hydration a cheap process?

A

Ethene is cheap and not a lot is wasted during the reaction.

18
Q

Why could hydration become more expensive in the future?

A

Crude oil is becoming more scarce which will force the price of alkenes up with it.

19
Q

How can ethanol be obtained from sugar?

A

By fermentation of sugar using yeast.

20
Q

What are five advantages of using sugar to get ethanol?

A
  • Requires a lower temperature and simpler equipment.
  • Requires less energy.
  • Produces less Carbon Dioxide.
  • Sugar is a renewable source.
  • Cheap.
21
Q

What are three disadvantages of using sugar to get ethanol?

A
  • Product needs to be purified afterwards.
  • Product isn’t very concentrated so you need a lot of it.
  • Increased demand for sugar could lead to greater deforestation.
22
Q

What is the primary use of alkenes?

A

Polymerisation

23
Q

What is polymerisation?

A

The joining up if alkenes into long chains.

24
Q

What polymer does ethene make in the presence of pressure and a catalyst?

A

Poly(ethene)

25
Q

What polymer does propene make in the presence of pressure and a catalyst?

A

Poly(propene)

26
Q

How do you find the monomer that formed a polymer?

A

You remove its outside bonds and add a double carbon bond.

27
Q

How do you name a polymer?

A

You add poly- to the front of the monomer name.

28
Q

What determines the properties of a polymer?

A

The temperature and pressure it was made at.

29
Q

What are four uses of polymers?

A
  • Waterproofing
  • Packaging
  • Fillings
  • Wound dressings
30
Q

What is memory foam used in?

A

Beds

31
Q

What is special about memory foam?

A

It mouldy to your body shape when you lie on it.

32
Q

What are two issues with polymers?

A
  • They aren’t biodegradable

* Prices will rise as crude oil becomes more scarce

Chemistry - Unit One (7 decks)

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