Other Useful Substances from Crude Oil

Question 0

How are hydrocarbons cracked?

Answer 0

Heating them until they vaporise
Passing them over heated catalyst
Causes thermal decomposition reaction to take place

Question 1

What happens when hydrocarbons are cracked?

Answer 1

Long chained hydrocarbons become shorter chains
Requires heat
Produces an alkane and an alkene

Question 2

What are alkenes?

Answer 2

Unsaturated hydrocarbons

Have double bond

Question 3

What do all alkenes end with?

Answer 3

-ene

Question 4

What is the general formula for an alkene?

Answer 4

C(n) H(2n)

Question 5

Draw the display formula for ethene

Answer 5

Sorry can’t put it on here without a lot of effort

Question 6

What are alkenes useful for?

Answer 6

Making other molecules especially polymers

Question 7

How can you distinguish between alkenes and alkanes?

Answer 7

Reacting them with orange bromine water

Alkenes turn it colourless

Question 8

What is polymerisation?

Answer 8

Small alkenes join together to form long-chain molecules (polymers)

Question 9

What does the properties of a polymer depend on?

Answer 9

What they are made from

Conditions they are made in

Question 10

What are small alkene molecules called?

Answer 10

Monomers

Question 11

Why can monomers be joined easily?

Answer 11

Their bonds are easily broken

Question 12

How can polymerisation be represented?

Answer 12

Look in the book

Question 13

What is the general equation for polymerisation?

Answer 13

You should really be getting the message by now

Question 14

What is polyvinyl chloride often used for?

Answer 14

Waterproof items
Drain pipes
As an electrical insulator

Question 15

What is polystyrene often used for?

Answer 15

Castings for electrical appliances

Expanded to make protective packaging

Question 16

What is poly(ethene) often used for?

Answer 16

Plastic bags and bottles

Question 17

What is poly(propene) often used for?

Answer 17

Crates

Ropes

Question 18

How are polymers and composites being used in medicine and dentistry?

Answer 18

Implantable materials for tissue surgery
Dental cements and fillers
Hydrogels used as wound dressing
Silicone hydrogel contact lenses

Question 19

What does biodegradable mean?

Answer 19

Broken down by microbes therefore biodegradable materials decompose and rot away

Question 20

What happens if plastics are burnt?

Answer 20

They produce air pollution

Some produce toxic fumes

Question 21

Way is the biggest problem with most plastics?

Answer 21

They are not biodegradable

Question 22

Why are plastics recycled?

Answer 22

To reduce the amount sent to landfill sites

Question 23

How are scientists trying to overcome the problem of non biodegradable plastics?

Answer 23

By making biodegradable polymers

Question 24

How is ethanol produced?

Answer 24

Reacting steam with ethene
At moderately high temperature and pressure
In presence of phosphoric acid

Question 25

What can ethanol be used as?

Answer 25

Solvent

Fuel

Question 26

What is the main problem with producing ethanol from ethene?

Answer 26

Uses a non renewable resource (crude oil)

Question 27

How is alcohol produced from sugar?

Answer 27

Fermentation

Sugar in the presence of yeast produces ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 28

Have you dome the how science works pages?

Answer 28

I hope so