Crude Oil and Fuels Flashcards
What is crude oil?
A mixture of different compounds therefore each part of the mixture keeps its properties
What does crude oil mostly contain?
Hydrocarbons
What is a common method for separating crude oil?
Fractional distillation
How does fractional distillation work?
Oil is vaporised by heating
Pumped into fractioning column
Vapour condenses at different temperatures
Fractions collected of similar sized hydrocarbons
What sort of hydrocarbons are more useful as fuels? Why?
Small ones because the properties depend on the length of the chain
What does a longer chain of hydrocarbon have compared to a smaller one?
Higher boiling point More viscous Less volatile Less flammable Produces more soot when burned
What is a saturated molecule called?
Alkane
Has only single carbon-carbon bonds
Describe the display formula of an alkane
Each carbon in the alkane has four singular bonds to either other carbon atoms or hydrogen atoms
All carbon-carbon bonds are singular
What is the general formula of an alkane?
C(n) H (2n+2)
Draw methane
H
|
H-C-H
|
HWhat is the ending of an alkane?
-ane
What is a combustion reaction?
When a fuel is burned as releases heat energy
????
What is produced in the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels?
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen which is oxidised to form water vapor
Sometimes carbon monoxide
Sulphur dioxide is produced if the impurities contain sulphur
Sometimes nitrogen oxides
Soot
What does the products of the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels depend on?
Whether reaction is complete or partial
Amount of oxygen
What does the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels produce?
Carbon monoxide Solid particles (may contain unburned hydrocarbons and carbon particles)
