Other therapeutic models Flashcards
Length of course of interpersonal therapy
12 - 16 sessions
Key figures in interpersonal therapy
Klerman and Weissman
Four areas of focus for interpersonal therapy
Role transitions e.g. new job, new relationship
Interpersonal disputes
Grief
Interpersonal deficits e.g. lack of social relationships
Conditions interpersonal therapy is used for
Bulimia
Depression
Key figure in dialectical behavioural therapy
Marsha Lineham
Condition DBT was developed for
Borderline personality disorder
Four modes of DBT
Group skills training
Individual therapy
Phone consultations
Consultation team
Four key techniques in DBT
Distress tolerance
Interpersonal effectiveness
Core mindfulness
Emotional regulation
Key figure in cognitive analytic therapy
Anthony Ryle
Therapy which describes ‘traps’, ‘dilemmas’ and ‘snags’
Cognitive analytic therapy
Two key theories behind cognitive analytic therapy
Procedural sequence model
Role repertoires
Theory within cognitive analytic therapy that aims to understand why people repeatedly do things which are harmful
Procedural sequence model
Theory within cognitive analytic therapy which looks at the restrictions that can occur in what kinds of actions people take as a result of childhood experiences
Role repertoire
Description of ‘traps’ within cognitive analytic therapy
Negative assumptions which lead to the patient taking actions which will cause the negative assumption to come true, therefore reinforcing it
Example of a trap within cognitive analytic therapy
Someone thinks their friends are not interested in them. They avoid contact with their friends which leads to their friends putting less effort into the relationship, reinforcing their idea that their friends aren’t interested
Description of ‘dilemmas’ within cognitive analytic therapy
Thinking that there are only two polarised options for actions to take
Example of a dilemma within cognitive analytic therapy
Someone believes their only options at work are to work many hours a week overtime, or to do as little work as possible
Description of ‘snags’ within cognitive analytic therapy
Appropriate goals or roles that the patient does not carry through because they think it is not allowed, or that other people would not approve
Example of a snag within cognitive analytic therapy
Someone thinking they cannot move out of their parents’ house as an adult because their parents would feel abandoned
Number of treatment sessions for cognitive analytic therapy
16 - 24
Three phases within a course cognitive analytic therapy
Initial - exploring traps, snags and dilemmas
Middle - working through problems with use of diagrams
End - both patient and therapist write goodbye letters
Key figure in transactional analysis
Eric Berne
Key idea within transactional analysis
There are three ego-states that people commonly use
Three ego-states seen according to transactional analysis
Parent - can be criticising or nurtering
Adult - being objective and rational
Child - being spontaneous, emotional and creative
Key figure in client centred therapy
Carl Rogers
Role of the therapist within client centred therapy
To be non-directive and allow the patient to resolve their own difficulties
To be non-judgemental and positively regard the patient
Type of therapy which uses ‘unconditional positive regard’
Client centred therapy
Type of therapy which looks at the ‘notion of self concept’
Client centred therapy
Type of therapy which the Q sort technique evolved from
Client centred therapy
Key figures in gestalt therapy
Perls and Goodman
Four key aspects of gestalt therapy
Phenomenological method
Dialogical relationship
Field-theoretical strategies
Experiental freedom
Description of the phenomenological method within gestalt therapy
Tries to increase the patient’s awareness through repeated observations and enquiry
Description of the dialogical relationship within gestalt therapy
Both the therapist and patient create space to be ‘present’
Description of field-theoretical strategies within gestalt therapy
Look at the physical and environmental situation of the patient how their mental processes relate to this
Description of experiental freedom within gestalt therapy
Acting on trying new things rather than just talking about it
Key figures in mentalisation based therapy
Bateman and Fonagy
Type of therapy which evolved from attachment theory
Mentalisation based therapy
Description of mentalising within mentalisation therapy
The ability to your own and other people’s actions and emotional states as important
Differences between mentalisation therapy and psychodynamic therapy
Mentalisation therapy more focused on the present
Mentalisation therapy more focused on conscious thoughts rather than unconscious in psychodynamic therapy
In mentalisation therapy the therapist only discusses ideas that are slightly outwith the patient’s current thinking, and avoids emotional ideas which are too complex
Type of therapy which creates a ‘transitional area of relatedness’ in order to train thoughts and emotions
Mentalisation based therapy
Key figure behind eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing
Shapiro
Key figure behind eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing
Shapiro
Hypotheses behind EMDR
REM sleep helps process unconscious material
Reproducing REM type eye movements while awake can have the same effect
Original patient group who used EMDR
Vietnam war veterans with PTSD
Key figures associated with the transtheoretical model of change
Prochaska and DiClemente
Five common processes of change identified by Prochaska and DiClemente when they analysed different psychotherapy models
Consciousness raising
Choosing
Catharsis
Conditional stimuli
Contingency control
Description of consciousness raising as described by Prochaska and DiClemente
Helping the patient become more aware of themselves and their problem behaviours
Description of choosing as described by Prochaska and DiClemente
Becoming aware of healthier alternate behaviours
Description of catharsis as described by Prochaska and DiClemente
Expressing the problem behaviour and process of change and being allowed an emotional response
Description of conditional stimuli as described by Prochaska and DiClemente
Avoiding stimuli associated with the problem behaviour or training healthier behaviours in response to the stimulus
Description of contingency control as described by Prochaska and DiClemente
Positive reinforcement from others or self reinforcement in response to the healthier behaviours
Six stages of change within the transtheoretical model of change
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse
Stage of change within the transtheoretical model where the patient does not see their behaviour as problematic
Precontemplation
Stage of change within the transtheoretical model where the patient is aware their behaviour is problematic and is weighing up pros and cons of changing the behaviour
Contemplation
Stage of change within the transtheoretical model where the patient has decided to change their problem behaviour but has not begun the change
Preparation
Stage of change within the transtheoretical model where the patient is actively changing their problematic behaviour
Action
Stage of change within the transtheoretical model where the patient has changed their problem behaviour and avoided the behaviour for a length of time
Maintenance
Stage of change within the transtheoretical model where the patient reverts back to their problem behaviour, having made a change
Relapse
Key figures in motivational interviewing
Miller and Rollnick
Type of therapy which aims to evaluate how ready a patient is to make a change in their behaviour, and try to reduce their ambivalence about making the change
Motivational interviewing
Five principles of motivational interviewing
Show empathy
Develop discrepancy - help the patient see the gap between their current behaviour and their desired behaviour
Avoid argumentation
Roll with resistance
Support self efficacy
Condition behavioural couples therapy is used for
Alcoholism
Description of the ‘sobriety contract’ within behavioural couples therapy
Each day the patient states to their partner that they intend not to drink alcohol that day
The partner then expresses their support for this
Type of therapy which uses the idea of ‘catch your partner doing something nice’
Behavioural couples therapy
Strategies used within acceptance and commitment therapy
Acceptance
Cognitive defusion
Contact with the present moment
Self-as-context
Values
Committed action
Description of the acceptance strategy used in acceptance and commitment therapy
Being non-judgemental to thoughts, feelings and sensations as they come up
Description of the cognitive defusion strategy used in acceptance and commitment therapy
Stepping back to observe thoughts, without carrying out actions which would reinforce the thoughts
Description of the contact with the present moment strategy used in acceptance and commitment therapy
Using mindfulness to experience the present
Description of the self-as-context strategy used in acceptance and commitment therapy
Helping to disentangle the patient’s identity from a single thought
Description of the values strategy used in acceptance and commitment therapy
Encouraging patients to explore their values and deeper sense of purpose
Description of the committed action strategy used in acceptance and commitment therapy
Helping patients move in a positive direction but accepting they will still experience negative emotions or difficult thoughts
Type of therapy where the therapist avoids literal language and uses metaphors
Acceptance and commitment therapy
Key figures behind mindfulness based cognitive therapy
Segal and Teasdale
Condition mindfulness based cognitive therapy was developed for
Repeated episodes of depression
Three part structure of mindfulness based cognitive therapy
8 weeks of mindfulness classes
Education classes learning about depression
Cognitive therapy exercises
Type of therapy which uses a hierarchy of goals, often starting with self harm
Dialectical behavioural therapy
Main difference between humanistic psychotherapy and other types of psychotherapy
Humanistic psychotherapy views the therapist/patient relationship as the treatment rather than as a means to provide the treatment
Type of therapy which uses reformulation letters written to the patient by the therapist
Cognitive analytic psychotherapy
Type of therapy which involves establishing the patient in the sick role
Interpersonal therapy
Type of therapy most suitable for a child with learning difficulties and behavioural difficulties
Behavioural therapy
Type of therapy which uses cognitive therapy techniques within a psychodynamic framework
Cognitive analytical therapy
Type of therapy that focuses on transitions, grief, disputes, and sensitivity
Interpersonal therapy
Type of therapy which uses body scanning and a subjective units of distress scale
EMDR
Techniques used in solution focused therapy
Problem free talk
Preferred future
Techniques used in cognitive analytical therapy
Reformulation
Recognition of maladaptive behaviours
Revision
Condition which interpersonal therapy was designed for
Depression
Micro-counselling techniques used in motivational interviewing
Open ended questions
Affirmations
Reflections
Summaries
Three areas of assessment for behavioural activation therapy
Trigger
Response
Avoidance pattern
Type of therapy associated with finding a safe place before starting
EMDR
Type of therapy which uses an outside-in approach
Behavioural activation
Type of therapy which uses the empty chair technique
Gestalt therapy
