Cognitive behavioural therapy Flashcards
Figure who described operant conditioning
B. F. Skinner
Type of response to a behaviour which reduces the frequency of the behaviour
Punishment
Type of response to a behaviour which increases the frequency of the behaviour
Reinforcement
Type of conditioning where something pleasant is imagined to increase the target behaviour e.g. imagining spending your paycheck to stay at work
Covert reinforcement
Type of conditioning where something unpleasant is imagined to decrease the target behaviour, e.g. imagining having lung cancer to stop smoking
Covert punishment
Technique in conditioning where gradually closer approximations towards the target behaviour are rewarded
Shaping
Technique in conditioning where a behaviour is broken into a sequence of events and each segment is reinforced
Chaining
Idea that in conditioning the emotional response to a stimulus increases if the stimulus is experienced often for short periods of time
Incubation
Figure who described learned helplesness
Seligman
Idea that when someone cannot escape from a negative stimulus, they stop trying to escape
Learned helplesness
The idea that one stimulus can lead to a behaviour because of the association between the two in the past, and that someone can avoid the behaviour by avoiding the initial stimulus
Stimulus control/cue-exposure control
Example of stimulus control
Someone has always associated going to their local pub with drinking alcohol - they avoid drinking alcohol by avoiding being near their local pub
The idea that repeated exposure to a stimulus decreases the resulting behaviour
Habituation
The idea that repeated exposure to a stimulus increases the resulting behaviour
Sensitisation
Developed systemic desensitisation therapy
Wolpe
Two behavioural principles that systemic desensitisation therapy relies on
Counter conditioning
Reciprocal inhibition
Idea that if an anxiety provoking stimulus and a relaxed state occur at the same time then the anxiety reduces
Reciprocal inhibition
Three steps within systemic desensitisation
Relaxation training
Making a hierarchy of anxieties
Desensitisation of the stimulus
Example of a hierarchy of anxieties
Someone who is scared of wasps -
Look at a picture of a wasp
Watch a video of a wasp
Walk through a park where wasps might be present
Stay in an outside space close by to a wasp
Stay in an enclosed room with a wasp in
Relaxation technique where people relax different muscle groups in a specific order
Progressive relaxation
Technique where someone directs their attention to a specific body part while carrying out a relaxation exercise
Autogenic training
Technique where someone deliberately tenses parts of their body to avoid fainting
Applied tension
Example phobia where applied tension is used
Phobia of needles/blood
Type of therapy technique where the patient is exposed to the anxiety at the top of their hierarchy without any graded exposure
Flooding