Cognitive behavioural therapy Flashcards
Figure who described operant conditioning
B. F. Skinner
Type of response to a behaviour which reduces the frequency of the behaviour
Punishment
Type of response to a behaviour which increases the frequency of the behaviour
Reinforcement
Type of conditioning where something pleasant is imagined to increase the target behaviour e.g. imagining spending your paycheck to stay at work
Covert reinforcement
Type of conditioning where something unpleasant is imagined to decrease the target behaviour, e.g. imagining having lung cancer to stop smoking
Covert punishment
Technique in conditioning where gradually closer approximations towards the target behaviour are rewarded
Shaping
Technique in conditioning where a behaviour is broken into a sequence of events and each segment is reinforced
Chaining
Idea that in conditioning the emotional response to a stimulus increases if the stimulus is experienced often for short periods of time
Incubation
Figure who described learned helplesness
Seligman
Idea that when someone cannot escape from a negative stimulus, they stop trying to escape
Learned helplesness
The idea that one stimulus can lead to a behaviour because of the association between the two in the past, and that someone can avoid the behaviour by avoiding the initial stimulus
Stimulus control/cue-exposure control
Example of stimulus control
Someone has always associated going to their local pub with drinking alcohol - they avoid drinking alcohol by avoiding being near their local pub
The idea that repeated exposure to a stimulus decreases the resulting behaviour
Habituation
The idea that repeated exposure to a stimulus increases the resulting behaviour
Sensitisation
Developed systemic desensitisation therapy
Wolpe
Two behavioural principles that systemic desensitisation therapy relies on
Counter conditioning
Reciprocal inhibition
Idea that if an anxiety provoking stimulus and a relaxed state occur at the same time then the anxiety reduces
Reciprocal inhibition
Three steps within systemic desensitisation
Relaxation training
Making a hierarchy of anxieties
Desensitisation of the stimulus
Example of a hierarchy of anxieties
Someone who is scared of wasps -
Look at a picture of a wasp
Watch a video of a wasp
Walk through a park where wasps might be present
Stay in an outside space close by to a wasp
Stay in an enclosed room with a wasp in
Relaxation technique where people relax different muscle groups in a specific order
Progressive relaxation
Technique where someone directs their attention to a specific body part while carrying out a relaxation exercise
Autogenic training
Technique where someone deliberately tenses parts of their body to avoid fainting
Applied tension
Example phobia where applied tension is used
Phobia of needles/blood
Type of therapy technique where the patient is exposed to the anxiety at the top of their hierarchy without any graded exposure
Flooding
Type of therapy technique which uses imagined flooding rather than real life
Implosion
Type of therapy used in tic disorders where the patient is asked to purposefully carry out the tic at specified time intervals
Massed negative practice
Conditions which habit reversal training is used for
OCD
Tic disorders
Components of habit reversal training
Awareness training - thinking what situations trigger an unwanted response
Competing response training - performing an opposite response to the unwanted response e.g. if the patient normally clenches their fist deliberately relaxing the hands
Contingency management - positive reinforcement for doing the competing behaviour not the unwanted behaviour
Relaxation training
Generalisation training once one component is mastered
Therapy technique where patients observe a therapist’s response and start doing a new behaviour by imitating the therapist’s response when they are ready
Modelling
Therapy which uses the idea that the autonomic nervous system functions can be altered by experiencing feedback about them
Biofeedback
Examples of biofeedback
Wearing sensor bands around the chest which measure respiratory rate and then focussing on decreasing the respiratory rate when tachypnoeic
Wearing a sensor that detects blood pressure and when it is reading high carrying out relaxation techniques
Three forms of social skills training
Basic model
Social problem solving model
Cognitive remediation model
Type of social skills training where complex social situations are broken down into individual steps which are practiced through role playing then practiced in real life
Basic model
Type of social skills training which looks at improving information processing so that the patient can then improve their social skills
Social problem solving model
Type of social skills training which tries to improve more basic functions such as attention or planning, with the idea that when these are improved the improvements can be applied to social situations
Cognitive remediation model
Key figures involved in the development of social skills training
Bellack and Mueser
