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World Issues > Other Test 8 > Flashcards

Other Test 8 Flashcards

1
Q

true/false
state constitutions are much less flexible and much more detailed that the US constitution

A

true

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2
Q

“almost without exception, state constitutions are in urgent need of reform. the typical document is cluttered with…

A

-unnecessary details
-burdensome restrictions
-obsolete sections
-repetitious and contradictory material

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3
Q

27 states call their governing body the “legislature,” and the second most popular title for this body among the states is the ____________________

A

general assembly

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4
Q

____________________ is the only state that has one house (unicameral) legislature

A

nebraska

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5
Q

in over half the states, senators must be at least _______ years old

A

25

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6
Q

true/false
in every state, legislators are chosen by popular vote (of its citizens)

A

true

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7
Q

most state legislators are elected in november of _________-____________ years

A

even-numbered

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8
Q

in most states, members of the upper house (senate) serve _______ _______ terms

A

4 year

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9
Q

the average annual salary of a state legislator is $__________

A

$22,000

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10
Q

true/false
in every state, only a member of the legislature can introduce a bill

A

true

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11
Q

true/false
elections for governor are called “gubernatorial” elections

A

true

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12
Q

true/false
in most states, the Lieutenant Governor is next in line of succession to become governor

A

true

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13
Q

the average annual salary of a state governor is $_______

A

$130,000

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14
Q

true/false
every state’s constitution makes the governor the commander in chief of the state’s armed forces (militia/guard)

A

true

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15
Q

in every state, the governor has some powers of judicial clemency for people convicted of crimes including:

A

-pardon (immediate relief from consequences of a crime)
-commutation (change of sentence)
-reprieve (postpone execution sentence)

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16
Q

takes over for governor
leads senate (in most states)

A

lieutenant governor

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17
Q

chief clerk and record-keeper
oversees elections

A

secretary of state

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18
Q

oversees state funds (collection/payments)

A

Treasurer

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19
Q

chief state law-enforcement officer

A

attorney general

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20
Q

_______________ laws are enacted by the legislative body

A

statutory

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21
Q

___________________ laws are those made by the executive branch (and its officers)

A

administrative

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22
Q

a judge presides over a _______ trial without a jury (used almost exclusively in civil and misdemeanor cases)

A

bench

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23
Q

the justice of the peace most frequently serves in ___________ courts

A

local

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24
Q

________________ courts hear cases that are city-wide

A

municipal

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25
Q

a ______________ court system is organized on a functional basis, where certain types of cases are heard in specific courts throughout a state

A

geographic

26
Q

most judges in most states are selected by _____________

A

popular election (partisan & non-partisan)

27
Q

the leaders of counties are usually selected by popular election and serve for ________ years

A

four

28
Q

there are currently a total of ______________ federally-recognized tribal governments in America, with authority over the lives of about 2 million people

A

566

29
Q

_____________ are created primarily by their citizens to obtain public services, rather than as direct agents of the state

A

cities

30
Q

the constitution of a city is called its ________

A

charter

31
Q

the _____________ form of city government is the oldest and most widely used

A

mayor-council

32
Q

the practice of dividing a city into several districts and regulating the uses to which property in each of them may be put is called __________

A

zoning

33
Q

_______________ is the most expensive item in every’s state’s budget

A

education

34
Q

primary and secondary public education is largely the responsibility of _________ governments

A

local

35
Q

on average, most state and local revenue come from __________

A

the federal government

36
Q

true/false
every state levies a selective sales tax on gasoline

A

true

37
Q

property taxes are almost always levied at the ________ level

A

local

38
Q

_____ states operate lotteries

A

45

39
Q

china: political capital

A

beijing

40
Q

china: economic capital

A

shanghai

41
Q

china: key political party

A

chinese communist party

42
Q

china: executive branch

A

Xi Jinping
5 year term but no limits
unlimited terms

43
Q

china: legislative branch

A

national people’s congress
2924 members

44
Q

china: supreme court

A

14 justices

45
Q

china: geographic location of primary population density

A

94% population in the east

46
Q

china: primary ethnic group, language, religion

A

primary ethnicity - han (92%)
primary religion - atheism (50%)
primary language - mandarin (62%)

47
Q

china: social credit system

A

ranks the purchases people make and regulates/censors private chats + public posts

48
Q

china: debt-trap diplomacy

A

strategy of loaning excessive money to developing countries for much-needed infrastructure projects when the borrowing country cannot service the debt

49
Q

china: how office-holders are elected

A

elected by the People’s Congress

50
Q

china: types/names of economic and political structures used

A

state capitalism (economics)
responsive authoritarianism (political)

51
Q

china: geopolitical assets

A

-gobi desert protects them from the north
-jungle protects them in the southwest
-two internal waterways

52
Q

china: geopolitical challenges

A

-US friends with most surrounding countries, creates vulnerability in the east

53
Q

russia: capital

A

moscow

54
Q

russia: key political party

A

United Russia Party

55
Q

russia: executive branch

A

president–elected by citizens, Vladimir Putin
prime minister–appointed by president

56
Q

russia: legislative branch

A

lower: state duma–elected by citizens
upper: federation council–appointed by president

57
Q

russia: supreme court

A

all justices appointed by president

58
Q

russia: primary religion

A

christian orthodox (72%)
muslim (19%)

59
Q

russia: how office-holders are elected

A

people vote on the president every two years
president picks a prime minister

60
Q

russia: types/names of economic and political structures used

A

state capitalism (economics)
authoritarianism (politics)

61
Q

russia: geopolitical assets

A

-large land mass
-30% of earth’s natural resources

62
Q

russia: geopolitical challenges

A

-extensive infrastructure: waterway access
-buffer territories: military protection of core
-large standing army (15% of population)

World Issues (8 decks)

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