other systems Flashcards
what is typically contraindicated after hemostasis and why
passive stretching due to development of myositis ossificans
sarcoma can arise from
muscle, bone or fat
which stage of cancer has potentially spread to the lymph nodes
stage II, for sure in III
ovaries and spermatic cords are in which quadrants
RLQ and LLQ
kidneys are in the ____ quadrants
upper
gall bladder is in the ____
RUQ
spleen is in the
LUQ
stomach is in the
LUQ
what is achlasia
condition in which the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax and food is trapped in the esophagus
foods that may aggravate heartbearn
caffeine, alcohol, fatty foods, citrus foods, coffee, chocolate, peppermint
medications that trigger constipation
opiates, antidepressants, calcium channel blockers and anticholinergics
conditions that are associated with constipation
hypothyroidism, diverticular disease, IBS, parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, tumors (colon) , bowel obstruction, rectal lesions
constipation may cause ______ pain/tenderness
abdominal, anterior hip, groin or thigh
coffee ground vomit is consistent with
gastric ulcers, gastritis or esophageal cancer
tarry or black stools indicate
upper digestive tract disorders
bright red blood in the stool indicates
lower colon/rectum disorders (fissures)
amber or dark urine may be associated with
lever hepatitis
initial (preicteric) phase of hepatitis signs and symptoms
fever, anorexia, N/V/D, fatigue, malaise, HA, abdominal tenderness, myalgia and arthralgia
increased bilirubin and hepatic transaminases may indicate
hepatitis
what is the leading cause of liver cancer
viral hepatitis, common reason for liver transplant
skip lesions are a sign of
Crohn’s disease
tests for appendicitis
rebound tenderness, Mcburney’s point, Rovsing’s sign, psoas sign , obturator sign, markle’s sign
movements to avoid in the third trimester
supine/bridging to avoid pressure on the inferior vena cava
what type of incontinence is common in pregnancy
stress incontinence, pressure on the bladder
what might you observe during exercise when working with a patient who is pregnant
hyperventilation and dyspnea with mild exercise due to elevation of the diaphragm and widening of thoracic cage, also increased heat production and increased basal metabolic rate
what is cystocele
herniation of the bladder into the vagina
what is rectocele
herniation of the rectum into the vagina
uterine prolapse =
bulging of the uterus into the vagina
pelvic pain can radiate to ____
posterior thigh
what position should a pregnant patient lie in for treatments like manual therapy
left side lying
what are signs and sypmtoms of pre-eclampsia
occurs after 24 weeks gestation, HTN, edema, sudden excessive weight gain, HA, visual disturbances, hyperreflexia
post C-section exercises should also involve
pillow support for incision and postoperative TENS for incisional pain (electrodes are parallel to incision), avoid heavy lifting for 4-6 weeks
what glands maintain male sex hormornes
hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
FSH in male fxn=
initiate spermatogenesis
LH fxn in males=
regulate testosterone production
hormonal causes of erectile dysfunction
hypothyroidism, hypopituitarism, hypogonadism
referred pain of prostate
dull, aching pain in low back, sacral, genital or rectal regions
homeostasis of the renal system occurs with
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
symptoms of dehydration
headache, dry mucous membranes, irritability, lethargy, disorientation, poor skin turgor, incoordination
what electrolyte may be increased with addisons disease
magnesium
hypomagnesium occurs during
hemodialysis, blood transfusions, chronic renal disease, hepatic cirrhosis, chronic pancreatitis, hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption, burns or excessive fluid loss
increased serum urea and creatinine =
acute renal failure
what might cause acute renal failure
toxic substances, bacterial toxins, acute obstruction, rhabdomyolysis, trauma, circulatory obstruction to kidneys
chronic renal failure may be a result of
prolonged UTI, infection, diabetes, SLE, uncontrolled hypertension
2 causes of stress incontinence
increased intra- abdominal pressure , weakness and laxity of pelvic floor/sphincter
what is urge incontinence
bladder begins contracting and urine is leaked after sensation of bladder fullness/inability to delay voiding
overflow incontinence=
bladder leaks due to fullness from urinary retention
overflow incontinence may be from
neurogenic bladder, acontractile bladder, prostate enlargement, SCI, MS
functional incontinence=
leakage associated with inability or unwillingness to toilet
foods that might aggravate the bladder
citrus, caffeine, chocolate
catheterization is used for what kind of incontinence
overflow
overdistended bladder may benefit from
intermittent catheterization
cataracts
loss of central vision first and then peripheral , general darkening of vision, can be corrected with surgery
glaucoma is a loss of _____ vision more prominently
early peripheral vision, can progress to total blindness
pathophysiology of senile macular degeneration
compromised by decreased blood supply or abnormal growth of blood vessels under the retina
diabetic retinopathy leads to _____ vision impairment
central
