Other Sensory Systems and Attention

Question 1

The physical stimuli for hearing, are set up by vibrating bodies in our environment and transmitted through air to our eardrums.

Answer 1

Sound Waves

Question 2

A very intense compression of air produces sound waves of great amplitude, which listener hears as great loudness.

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

The intensity of the sound waves.

Answer 3

Amplitude

Question 4

The perception of intensity.

Answer 4

Loudness

Question 5

The number of compressions per second, measured in Hz.

Answer 5

Frequency

Question 6

The perception related to frequency.

Answer 6

Pitch

Question 7

Structures of the Outer Ear

Answer 7

Pinna
External Auditory Canal
Tympanic Membrane

Question 8

Structures of the Middle Ear

Answer 8

Ossicles
Eustachian Tube

Question 9

Structures of Inner Ear

Answer 9

Semicircular Canals
Cochlea
Basilar Membrane
Hair Cells

Question 10

Helps us to locate the sound, the familiar structure of the flesh and cartilage attached to each side of the head.

Answer 10

Pinna

Question 11

Divides the outer ear from the middle ear vibrates at the same frequency as the sound waves that strike it.

Answer 11

Tympanic Membrane

Question 12

The tympanic membrane is about 40 times larger than the footplate stirrup.

Answer 12

FALSE (20 times larger)

Question 13

Three small bones that are connected and transmit the sound waves to the inner ear.

Answer 13

Ossicles

Question 14

What are the three small ossicles.

Answer 14

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

Question 15

A canal that links the middle ear with the back of the nose; helps to equalize pressure in the middle ear.

Answer 15

Eustachian Tube

Question 16

Equalized pressure is not needed for the proper transfer of sound waves.

Answer 16

FALSE (needed)

Question 17

Three tiny fluid filled tubes lined with tiny hair structures that help us keep balance.

Answer 17

Semicircular Canals

Question 18

A snail-like structure which interacts with the middle ear via two holes: oval window and round window.

Answer 18

Cochlea

Question 19

Three long fluid-filled tunnels located inside the cochlea.

Answer 19

Scala Vestibuli
Scala Media
Scala Tympani

Question 20

Located inside the cochlea; narrowest and most stiff at the base of the cochlea, and the widest and least stiff at the apex.

Answer 20

Basilar Membrane

Question 21

Auditory receptors, lie between the basilar membrane of the cochlea on one side and the tectorial membrane on the other.

Answer 21

Hair Cells

Question 22

A hair cells responds within microseconds to displacements as small as 0.1 nanometer, thereby opening on channels in its membrane.

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

Depends on our ability to differentiate among sounds of different frequencies.

Answer 23

Pitch Perfection

Question 24

This theory suggests that the basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, causing auditory nerve axons to produce action potentials at the same frequency.

Answer 24

Frequency Theory

Question 25

Suggests that the basilar membrane resembles the strings of a piano in that each area along the membrane is tuned to a specific frequency and vibrates in its presence.

Answer 25

Place Theory

Question 26

The basilar membrane does not vibrate in synchrony with the sound waves, and the auditory nerve axons do not generate one action potential per wave.

Answer 26

Low-Frequency Sounds

Question 27

Because of the refractory period of the axon, as sound go much above 100 Hz, it is harder and harder for a neuron to continue firing in synchrony with the sound waves.

Answer 27

High-Frequency Sound

Question 28

The auditory nerve as a whole can have volleys of impulses up to about 4000 per second, even though no individual axon can approach that frequency by itself.

Answer 28

Volley Principle of Pitch Discrimination