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Endocrinology > Other Questions Exam 2 > Flashcards

Other Questions Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens if there is a defect in the SRY gene?

A

A female develops in a genetic male

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2
Q

Impact of absence of 17 alpha hydroxylase

A

There is no testosterone but still AMH so no internal genitalia but externally female

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3
Q

Impact of absence of 5 alpha redux tase

A

No DHT so internally male but externally female

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4
Q

What makes up a follicle?

A

A primary oocytes encased in a granulosa then the thecal layer (inner to outer)

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5
Q

What do follicles produce?

A

Estradiol

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6
Q

What becomes the corpus luteum?

A

Granulosa cells after the rupture and release of primary oocyte

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7
Q

What does the corpus luteum produce?

A

Progesterone until day 26

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8
Q

What happens during the follicular phase(5-14)

A

Cells begin division estradiol is released from follicles and endometrium is rebuilt and there is negative feedback at pituitary

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9
Q

What happens during the literal phase 14-26

A

Corpus luteum releases progesterone and maintains the endometrium. Epithelial cells secrete

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10
Q

What happens at day 26?

A

If no fertilization, there is a drop in progesterone capillaries constrict and there is endometrium death. Stage set for menses

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11
Q

What happens day 0-5

A

Menses where capillaries re open and old cells are shed

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12
Q

What is the target of LH and FSH in females?

A

Follicle

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13
Q

What does the follicle release?

A

Inhibin B and estradiol

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14
Q

What are the 2 actions of estradiol?

A

It stimulates the endometrium to divide (endocrine action) and the follicular cells to divide and get larger

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15
Q

What does estradiol do negative feedback in expression in the anterior pituitary?

A

LH

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16
Q

What does endocrine negative feedback do with the pulse generator?

A

Negative feedback on LH and FSH

17
Q

What is inhibin B action in the anterior pituitary?

A

It causes a decrease in FSH B gene expression

18
Q

What happens at day 14?

A

Estradiol has a positive feedback on pulse generator to cause more GnRH release. This also has positive feedback on FSH and LH gene expression to cause more FSH and LH this leads to ovulation

19
Q

What do corpus luteum cells secret?

A

Progesterone and estradiol

20
Q

Where is pregnenolone turned into androstenedione in females?

A

Theca cell

21
Q

Where is androstenedione turned into estradiol?

A

Granulosa cell

22
Q

What converts androstenedione to estradiol?

A

Aromatase

23
Q

Which cell does LH target in females? FSH?

A

LH —> theca FSH —> granulosa

24
Q

What does FSH do at granulosa to aid in estradiol from androstenedione?

A

cAMP/PKA pathway to increase expression of aromatase

25
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme in the granulosa cell?

A

Aromatase

26
Q

What is analogous in males and females cellular?

A

Theca and leydig

27
Q

What happens when the corpus luteum starts to produce progesterone?

A

Low GnRH and no LH/FSH quiet period where the endometrium is maintained

28
Q

Why isn’t there any more progesterone release at day 26?

A

The corpus luteum undergoes cell death

29
Q

Because no progesterone is released from corpus luteum

A

The endometrium dies

30
Q

At day 0 which hormones are released again?

A

LH and FSH

31
Q

What happens at ovulation?

A

Hormones bind to ion channels and water is kept until the follicle bursts releasing an oocyte into the Fallopian tube

32
Q

How is the endometrium maintained when fertilization occurs?

A

The embryo releases HCG which tells the corpus luteum to keep releasing progesterone

33
Q

What are the factors that can terminate a pregnancy?

A

If no HCG is released from the embryo with fertilization
If HCG receptor is faulty and HCG does not reach corpus luteum
Corpus luteum stops making progesterone before week 9
Placenta doesn’t make progesterone at week 9, no hand off

34
Q

How does the morning after pill work?

A

It interferes with the movement of sperm in the uterus

35
Q

How does the combination pill work?

A

Progesterone is taken at the start of the cycle so that the release of LH and FSH is suppressed and no mature follicle occurs so no ovulation

36
Q

How does RU-486 work?

A

This is an abortion pill that works by being a competitive inhibitor by binding to progesterone binding site so that the hsp doesn’t enter the cytoplasm and the hormone can’t enter the nucleus so the body thinks that it is at end of cycle and sheds endometrium

37
Q

Why is RU-486 only effective until 9th week?

A

The placenta makes its own progesterone at the 9th week

Endocrinology (4 decks)

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