Other Questions Flashcards
It is believed that the plasticity of the brain is greatest during developmental periods when:
a. synaptic density is high
b. pruning is high
c. neural cells are migrating
d. synaptic density is low
a. synaptic density is high
The intellectual function of children with TS is generally within the:
a. superior to high-average range
b. low-average and borderline range
c. high-average to average range.
d. low-average to average range.
d. low average to average range
The neuropsychological profile associated with Williams syndrome includes:
a. relatively preserved intellectual and language abilities, visuoconstructive weaknesses, relative proficiency in music, and high levels of sociability.
b. intellectual impairment, relatively preserved language abilities, visuoconstructive weaknesses, excessive attention to faces, and high levels of sociability.
c. impaired intellectual and language abilities, visuoconstructive strengths, high levels of sociability, and minimal attention to faces.
d. preserved intellectual, language, and visuoconstructive abilities/skills.
b. intellectual impairment, relatively preserved language abilities, visuoconstructive weaknesses, excessive attention to faces, and high levels of sociability.
Which of the following is true?
a. The language skills of children with Williams syndrome are more advanced than would be predicted by their intelligence.
b. The language skills of children with Williams syndrome are comparable to their level of intelligence.
c. The language skills of children with Williams syndrome are significantly lower than would be predicted by their intelligence.
d. There is no relationship between the language skills of children with Williams syndrome and their level of intelligence.
a. The language skills of children with Williams syndrome are more advanced than would be predicted by their intelligence.
Autistic aloneness is:
a. the inability to relate to others.
b. characterized by a disconnection from people.
c. a psychological state of profound separation.
d. all of these
d. all of these
Which neurotransmitter has been implicated as pathogenic of autism?
a. acetylcholine
b. GABA
c. imipramine
d. serotonin
d. serotonin
The social brain network includes the orbital and medial prefrontal cortices, which are hypothesized to:
a. integrate and regulate affective and cognitive processes.
b. process facial features and eye gaze.
c. assist in facial discrimination.
d. attributing emotional valence to environmental stimuli.
a. integrate and regulate affective and cognitive processes.
Which of the following neuroanatomical structures is implicated in phonologic processing?
a. occipital cortex
b. Raphe nucleus
c. corpus callosum
d. planum temporale
d. planum temporale
Which of the following neuroanatomical structures is implicated in dyslexia?
a. planum temporale
b. frontal cortex
c. corpus callosum
d. all of these
d. all of these
Which of the following is implicated in extended selective attention?
a. serotonin
b. the parietal association area
c. the corpus callosum
d. the hippocampus
b. the parietal association area
Marci was hit on the back of the head with a baseball while running to second base. Most likely, Marci would be diagnosed with a(n):
a. impact injury.
b. countercoup injury.
c. deceleration injury.
d. acceleration injury.
a. impact injury.
John has been in a coma for approximately five months. What can we surmise about his condition?
a. John’s reticular activating system has been injured.
b. John is not having sleep-wake cycles.
c. John is in a deep coma.
d. John is going to have severe cognitive impairment if he ‘awakens.’
a. John’s reticular activating system has been injured.
Which of the following statements is true regarding coma?
a. Being in a coma is similar to being in a deep sleep.
b. When a person arises from a coma, all cognitive functions are restored shortly afterwards.
c. Coma is related to damage of the reticulating activating system.
d. On the Glasgow Coma Scale, a coma is defined as a score of 13 or less.
c. Coma is related to damage of the reticulating activating system.
Which of the following is true regarding a mild head injury? a. The loss of consciousness should not exceed two hours. b. The Glasgow Coma Scale should be 13 or above. c. Posttraumatic amnesia should be no greater than 72 hours. d. Mild head injuries are rare.
b. The Glasgow Coma Scale should be 13 or above.
The major difference between a grand mal and a petit mal seizure is the presence or absence of:
a. motoric abnormalities.
b. an altered state of consciousness.
c. migraines and disorientation.
d. extreme emotional responsiveness.
a. motoric abnormalities.
In the prodromal phase, which “cues” that a seizure is coming, one is most likely to experience:
a. déjà vu.
b. an absence seizure.
c. an aura.
d. interictal confusion.
c. an aura.
A seizure characterized by lip smacking and a feeling of fear, is likely a:
a. simple seizure.
b. generalized seizure.
c. complex partial seizure.
d. marching seizure.
c. complex partial seizure.
- In contrast to SPECT, PET:
a. uses a tracer with a very short half-life.
b. requires an expensive cyclotron.
c. allows one to examine both regional cerebral glucose utilization and oxygen metabolism.
d. all of these
d. all of these
Recent research suggests that children with NVLD struggle with recalling their math facts. True or False?
True
The reticular activating system is closely associated with all of the following except:
a. selective attention.
b. motor control.
c. wakefulness.
d. coma.
b. motor control.
Which of the following is not considered a structure of the limbic system?
a. thalamus
b. amygdala
c. fornix
d. cingulate gyrus
a. thalamus
Which of the following structures is believed to be primarily responsible for integrating and organizing autonomic processes related to the emotional expression of behavior?
a. thalamus
b. hypothalamus
c. mamillary bodies
d. cingulate gyrus
b. hypothalamus
Which of the following allows for the transmission of information from one hemisphere to another?
a. corpus collosum
b. anterior commissure
c. hippocampal commissure
d. all of these
d. all of these
Which is one of the components of the midbrain (mesencephalon)?
a. Pons
b. medulla oblongata
c. Tectum
d. none of these
c. Tectum
The human occipital lobe achieves synaptic density comparable to that of an adult at the age of:
a. 6-12 months.
b. 2-4 years.
c. 5-10 years.
d. 18-21 years.
b. 2-4 years.
Myelination begins in the:
a. subcortical regions of the brain.
b. optic nerve.
c. spinal cord.
d. cortical regions.
c. spinal cord.
The corpus callosum lies inferior to the:
a. cerebellum.
b. prefrontal cortex.
c. cingulum.
d. parietal lobe.
b. prefrontal cortex.
The epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus comprise which brain subdivision?
a. Myelencephalon
b. Metencephalon
c. Telencephalon
d. Diencephalon
d. Diencephalon
Achievement tests measure the ability of an individual to:
a. profit from past experience.
b. profit from future training.
c. profit from educational experiences.
d. adapt to novel situations quickly.
a. profit from past experience.
Which of the following would be assessed in order to thoroughly evaluate judgment and problem solving? a. abstract reasoning
b. Insight
c. ability to generalize
d. all of these
d. all of these
The “what” pathway is associated with which neural pathway?
a. Sylvian fissure
b. occipito-temporal pathway
c. occipito-parietal pathway
d. none of these
b. occipito-temporal pathway
The “where” pathway is associated with which neural pathway?
a. occipito-parietal pathway
b. occipito-temporal pathway
c. Sylvian fissure
d. none of these
a. occipito-parietal pathway
In general, the posterior regions of the brain are associated with sensory functions, while the anterior regions are associated with:
a. reflexive functions.
b. perceptual functions.
c. sensory functions.
d. motor functions.
d. motor functions.
Which region of the brain appears involved in speech/language comprehension?
a. frontal lobes
b. occipital lobes
c. planum temporale
d. Heschl’s gyrus
c. planum temporale
The right hemisphere is involved in processing:
a. details.
b. abstract and concrete words.
c. facial recognition.
d. abstract verbal thought.
c. facial recognition.
The right prefrontal cortex exhibits preferential control of:
a. sustained attention.
b. selective attention.
c. arousal.
d. all of these
d. all of these
Smell and taste are processed by:
a. the hemisphere ipsilateral to each nostril and tongue side.
b. the hemisphere contralateral to each nostril and tongue side.
c. only the left hemisphere.
d. only the right hemisphere.
a. the hemisphere ipsilateral to each nostril and tongue side.
Males with elevated levels of testosterone demonstrate:
a. reduced speech.
b. enhanced spatial performance.
c. poor spatial performance.
d. none of these
c. poor spatial performance.
Visual processing is associated with the:
a. frontal lobes.
b. temporal lobes.
c. parietal lobes.
d. occipital lobes.
d. occipital lobes.
The four cortical areas of the motor system include all of the following except:
a. dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
b. supplementary motor cortex.
c. orbitomedial prefrontal cortex.
d. premotor cortex.
c. orbitomedial prefrontal cortex.
The basal ganglia is responsible for:
a. deploying conscious movement.
b. learning new movement patterns.
c. controlling fine motor movement.
d. controlling semiautomatic motor activities.
d. controlling semiautomatic motor activities.
____ memory is to direct recall or recognition as ____ memory is to priming and skill demonstration.
a. Implicit; explicit
b. Procedural; explicit
c. Explicit; declarative
d. Explicit; implicit
d. Explicit; implicit
The three major constellations of brain structures implicated in declarative memory include all of the following except:
a. the hippocampus.
b. the thalamus and hypothalamus.
c. the basal forebrain.
d. the basal ganglia.
d. the basal ganglia.
The basal forebrain structures implicated in memory include all of the following except:
a. the nucleus accumbens.
b. the nucleus basalis of Meynert.
c. the medial septal nucleus.
d. the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca.
a. the nucleus accumbens.
The Tower of London-Drexel provides a measure of:
a. executive flexibility
b. executive planning
c. executive projection
d. executive fluency
b. executive planning
The ability to rapidly learn or re-learn responses in the face changing reward contingencies is mediated by:
a. the dorsolateral cortex.
b. the orbitofrontal cortex.
c. the anterior cingulate.
d. none of the above.
b. the orbitofrontal cortex.
Joseph LeDoux’s theory of emotional processing indicates that ____ is necessary for the labeling of emotions.
a. the cortex
b. the limbic system
c. an average to above-average verbal IQ
d. speech production
c. an average to above-average verbal IQ
Which of the following has been implicated in the processing of emotions?
a. the amygdala
b. the ventromedial cortex
c. the insular cortex
d. all of these
d. all of these
Within the posterior parietal lobe attentional system, the superior colliculus is believed to:
a. direct the eyes from one position to another.
b. mediate conscious attention to spatial targets.
c. filter sensory information for processing.
d. none of these
a. direct the eyes from one position to another.
