History Taking & When to Refer Flashcards
The following symptoms are seen in which syndrome? Unmotivated, apathetic Psychomotor slowing' Concrete, stimulus-bound Perseverative - poor problem-solving
a. Dorsolateral Prefrontal Syndrome
b. Orbitofrontal Syndrome
c. Medial Frontal Syndrome
d. Dysexcutive Syndrome/EF Dysfunction
A. Dorsolateral Prefrontal Syndrom
The following symptoms are seen in which syndrome? Child-like euphoria (immaturity) Facetious humor (cruel & mean) Shallow, labile affect Social disinhibition - lack of filters Impulsive, distractible Difficulty maintaining set
a. Dorsolateral Prefrontal Syndrome
b. Orbitofrontal Syndrome
c. Medial Frontal Syndrome
d. Dysexcutive Syndrome/EF Dysfunction
B. Orbitofrontal Syndrome
The following symptoms are seen in which syndrome?
A paucity of spontaneous movement & gesture
Sparse verbal output (repetition may be preserved)
Lower extremity weakness & loss of sensation
Incontinence
a. Dorsolateral Prefrontal Syndrome
b. Orbitofrontal Syndrome
c. Medial Frontal Syndrome
d. Dysexcutive Syndrome/EF Dysfunction
Medial Frontal Syndrome
The following symptoms are seen in which syndrome? Motivation - may be variable Anticipation - too excited Goal selection Planning Monitory, self-talk Sequencing: motor, visuospatial, verbal
a. Dorsolateral Prefrontal Syndrome
b. Orbitofrontal Syndrome
c. Medial Frontal Syndrome
d. Dysexcutive Syndrome/EF Dysfunction
D. Dysexcutive Syndrome/EF Dysfunction
A blood clot that forms between the skull & the top lining of the brain (dura) is an ______.
a. epidural hematoma
b. subdermal hematoma
c. intracerebral hemorrhage.
a. epidural hematoma
A blood clot that forms between the dura and the brain tissue is a ______.
a. epidural hematoma
b. subdermal hematoma
c. intracerebral hemorrhage.
b. subdermal hematoma
A blood clot deep in the middle of the brain is a ______.
a. epidural hematoma
b. subdermal hematoma
c. intracerebral hemorrhage.
c. intracerebral hemorrhage
What is a diffuse axonal injury?
Damage to the pathways (axons) that connect the different areas of the brain - occurs when there is twisting & turning of brain tissue due to injury
What is an anoxic brain injury?
Brain injury due to a lack of oxygen
Define anoxia
Absence of oxygen supply to organ tissues, including the brain.
Define hypoxia
The decreased supply of oxygen to organ tissues, including the brain.
What type of CP has the following characteristics? Spastic, Ataxic, or Dyskinetic?
- stiffly & permanently contracted muscles
- 50% have average intelligence
- 70% to 80% of patients
Spastic Type
What type of CP has the following characteristics? Spastic, Ataxic, or Dyskinetic?
- uncontrolled, slow, writing movement
- poor speech due to dysarthria
- 10% to 20% of patients with CP
Dyskinetic Type
What is dysarthria
Problems coordinating the muscle movements required for speech
What type of CP has the following characteristics? Spastic, Ataxic, or Dyskinetic?
- poor coordination
- walk unsteadily (wide-based gait)
- difficulty with quick, precise movements
- 5% to 10% of patients
Ataxic type
What type of Muscular Dystrophy has the following characteristics? Congenital, Myotonic, or Duchenne?
- onset at or near birth
- affects all muscle groups
- severe mental retardation with structural brain changes
Congenital MD
What type of Muscular Dystrophy has the following characteristics? Congenital, Myotonic, or Duchenne?
- onset birth to adulthood
- variable effect on muscle groups
- slow progressions
- in juvenile form starts with LD, motor problems, ADHD, and/or anxiety disorders.
Myotonic MD
What type of Muscular Dystrophy has the following characteristics? Congenital, Myotonic, or Duchenne?
- onset between 2 & 6 years
- proximal muscles affected
- progresses to death
- Mean IQ about 85…with deficits in verbal fluency, reading, phonological processing, receptive & expressive language, verbal learning & attention, & working memory
Duchenne MD
What type of brain tumor has the following characteristics?
- usually benign, cystic, & slow-growing
- Symptoms: clumsiness of one hand (usually dominant), stumbling to side, headache, & vomiting
- About 20% of pediatric brain tumors.
a. cerebellar astrocytoma
b. medulloblastoma
c. ependymoma
d. brainstem glioma
e. craniopharyngioma
A. Cerebellar astrocytoma
What type of brain tumor has the following characteristics?
- Cancerous (most common malignant pediatric tumor)
- Symptoms: headache, vomiting, uncoordinated movements, & lethargy
- Metastasizes to the spinal cords
- About 10-20% of pediatric brain tumors
- More frequent in boys
- Peak age = 5; Most occur before 10
a. cerebellar astrocytoma
b. medulloblastoma
c. ependymoma
d. brainstem glioma
e. craniopharyngioma
B. Medulloblastoma
What type of brain tumor has the following characteristics?
- Variable growth rates
- Located in the ventricles
- Symptoms: headache, vomiting, & uncoordinated movements
- Accounts for 8% to 10% of pediatric brain tumors
a. cerebellar astrocytoma
b. medulloblastoma
c. ependymoma
d. brainstem glioma
e. craniopharyngioma
C. ependymoma
What type of brain tumor has the following characteristics?
- Located in the pons & medulla
- Exclusively in children
- Symptoms: double vision, facial weakness, difficulty walking, & vomiting
- Survival rate = 5 years
- 10% to 15% of primary brain tumors in children
- Average age: 6 years
a. cerebellar astrocytoma
b. medulloblastoma
c. ependymoma
d. brainstem glioma
e. craniopharyngioma
D. Brainstem Glioma
What type of brain tumor has the following characteristics?
- Located in the pituitary stalk
- Symptoms: vision changes, headache, weight gain, endocrine changes
- Rare: < 10% of childhood brain tumors
- Age: Between 7-12 years
a. cerebellar astrocytoma
b. medulloblastoma
c. ependymoma
d. brainstem glioma
e. craniopharyngioma
E. Craniopharyngioma
What are the symptoms of prenatal nicotine exposure?
- inattention
- externalizing behaviors (conduct disorder & antisocial behavior)
