Other notes Flashcards
Psychiatrists
Medical degree
Mainly hospitals and private practises
Can prescribe drugs
Clinical psychologists
Ph.D or Masters in Psych
Uni, private practises, community mental health
Counselling psychologists
Problems of living rather than diagnosable conditions
Counselors
Masters in Psyc
School and institutions
School or job related problems
Psychiatric Social workers
Masters in social work
Public agencies, home visits
Psychiatric nurses
Bachelor or masters in nursing
Hospital settings
Self-help groups
Alcoholic anonymous etc
Id
Original structure present from birth
Unorganised reservoir for energy, instincts
Acts on impulses and operates according to pleasure principle
Ego
Next to develop and compels Id to work within constraints of reality
Operates according to reality principle and logical thinking
Moderates between id and superego
Superego
Last to develop
The conscious
Evolves as a consequence of child moving though Oedipal developmental stage
4 defence mechanisms
Repression
Projection
Displacement
Splitting
Repression
Rejection from consciousness painful or shameful experiences
Projection
Attributing unacceptable wishes to another
Displacement
Transferring an emotion from original idea or object to a more acceptable one
Splitting
Dividing external objects into all good or all bad
Analytical goals of treatment (3)
Strengthen ego
Awareness and insight
Conflict resolution
Cognitive therapy
Identification and correction or maladaptive beliefs, automatic thinking styles and self-defeating attributes that create and compound emotional and behavioural problems
Expected Utility theory
Emphasises subjective rather than monetary value
Wheel of fortune
Provided, explicit, irrelevant
Listing price
Provided, implicit, relevant
Framing effect
How a scenario is explained
Prospect Theory
Utilities are evaluated with respect to a reference point
Representativeness Heuristics
Evaluate the probability that A originates from B by the degree to which A resembles B (Heads/Tails example)
Availability Heuristics
Evaluate the probability of A by the ease with which relevant instances come to mind (words starting with R, words with R in 3rd position example)
Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristics
Estimate quantitative information by making adjustments from an initial value (8x7x6x5 example)
Mechanisms that cause anchoring
Insufficient adjustment from the anchor
Selective accessibility of knowledge
Numeric or magnitude priming
Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs
Top - Self-Actualisation - Esteem Needs - Belonging Needs - Safety Needs - Physiological Needs Bottom
Main paradigms in Personality psychology
Biological Trait Social Learning Psychoanalysis Phenomenological
Psychoanalytical
Unconscious mind influences behaviour
Phenomenological
Includes: Existentialism, Humanistic and Cross-cultural
Big 5
Openness - Curious, creative Conscientiousness - Organised, achievement orientated Extraversion - Outgoing, sociable Agreeableness - Tolerant, sensitive Neuroticism - Anxious, temperamental
Openness
Frontal pole activity
Dopamine - reward seeking
Cognitive version of extraversion
Conscientiousness
Controlling impulses in order to follow longer term goals or rules
Lateral PFC
Low serotonin and impulsivity
Extraversion
Amygdala response to positive emotional scenes
Dopamine
Agreeableness
Serotonin increases oxytocin
Oxytocin reduces ACC activity - reduces amygdala reactivity, reduces social threat
Attachment Styles
Secure - + about self & + about partner
Preoccupied - + about self & - about partner
Dismissive - - about self & + about partner
Fearful - - about self & - about partner
What makes something creative
Original and solves a problem
DMS - 3 clusters / 5 axes
Cluster A = Odd and eccentric
Cluster B = Impulsive and erratic
Cluster C = Anxious and avoidant
Cluster A
Schizotypical, Schizoid and Paranoid
Cluster B
Histronic, Narcissistic, Antisocial and Borderline
Cluster C
Dependent, Avoidant, Obsessive-Compulsive
Schizotypical
M > F
Magical thinking
Odd speech or thinking
suspiciousness or paranoia
Schizoid
M= F
No pleasure from social interaction
Indifferent to the opinions of others
Paranoid
M < F ?
Assume the worst of everyone
Histrionic
M = F
Goal is to be centre of attention
M = macho
F = sexual
Narcissistic
M > F
Excessive self love
Lack of empathy
Antisocial
M > F
Illegal activities and risky behaviour
Borderline
M = F
Rapid mood shifts
Uncontrollable anger
self-destructive
Dependent personality disorder
M < F
Fear of disagreeing with others
Avoidant
M = F
Expect the worst from others
Need constant reassurance
Obsessive - compulsive
Over concern with rules
Perfectionist
Workaholism
Inflexible thinking/behaviour
Expectant Value Theory
Behavioural decisions determined by presence or size of reinforcement
Low strain jobs
Low demand - high control
Active jobs
High demand - high control
Passive jobs
Low demand - low control
High strain jobs
High demand - low control
3 basic needs drive behaviour
Autonomy
Competence
Relatedness
