Other notes

Question 1

Psychiatrists

Answer 1

Medical degree
Mainly hospitals and private practises
Can prescribe drugs

Question 2

Clinical psychologists

Answer 2

Ph.D or Masters in Psych

Uni, private practises, community mental health

Question 3

Counselling psychologists

Answer 3

Problems of living rather than diagnosable conditions

Question 4

Counselors

Answer 4

Masters in Psyc
School and institutions
School or job related problems

Question 5

Psychiatric Social workers

Answer 5

Masters in social work

Public agencies, home visits

Question 6

Psychiatric nurses

Answer 6

Bachelor or masters in nursing

Hospital settings

Question 7

Self-help groups

Answer 7

Alcoholic anonymous etc

Question 8

Id

Answer 8

Original structure present from birth
Unorganised reservoir for energy, instincts
Acts on impulses and operates according to pleasure principle

Question 9

Ego

Answer 9

Next to develop and compels Id to work within constraints of reality
Operates according to reality principle and logical thinking
Moderates between id and superego

Question 10

Superego

Answer 10

Last to develop
The conscious
Evolves as a consequence of child moving though Oedipal developmental stage

Question 11

4 defence mechanisms

Answer 11

Repression
Projection
Displacement
Splitting

Question 12

Repression

Answer 12

Rejection from consciousness painful or shameful experiences

Question 13

Projection

Answer 13

Attributing unacceptable wishes to another

Question 14

Displacement

Answer 14

Transferring an emotion from original idea or object to a more acceptable one

Question 15

Splitting

Answer 15

Dividing external objects into all good or all bad

Question 16

Analytical goals of treatment (3)

Answer 16

Strengthen ego
Awareness and insight
Conflict resolution

Question 17

Cognitive therapy

Answer 17

Identification and correction or maladaptive beliefs, automatic thinking styles and self-defeating attributes that create and compound emotional and behavioural problems

Question 18

Expected Utility theory

Answer 18

Emphasises subjective rather than monetary value

Question 19

Wheel of fortune

Answer 19

Provided, explicit, irrelevant

Question 20

Listing price

Answer 20

Provided, implicit, relevant

Question 21

Framing effect

Answer 21

How a scenario is explained

Question 22

Prospect Theory

Answer 22

Utilities are evaluated with respect to a reference point

Question 23

Representativeness Heuristics

Answer 23

Evaluate the probability that A originates from B by the degree to which A resembles B (Heads/Tails example)

Question 24

Availability Heuristics

Answer 24

Evaluate the probability of A by the ease with which relevant instances come to mind (words starting with R, words with R in 3rd position example)

Question 25

Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristics

Answer 25

Estimate quantitative information by making adjustments from an initial value (8x7x6x5 example)

Question 26

Mechanisms that cause anchoring

Answer 26

Insufficient adjustment from the anchor Selective accessibility of knowledge Numeric or magnitude priming

Question 27

Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs

Answer 27

``` Top - Self-Actualisation - Esteem Needs - Belonging Needs - Safety Needs - Physiological Needs Bottom ```

Question 28

Main paradigms in Personality psychology

Answer 28

``` Biological Trait Social Learning Psychoanalysis Phenomenological ```

Question 29

Psychoanalytical

Answer 29

Unconscious mind influences behaviour

Question 30

Phenomenological

Answer 30

Includes: Existentialism, Humanistic and Cross-cultural

Question 31

Big 5

Answer 31

``` Openness - Curious, creative Conscientiousness - Organised, achievement orientated Extraversion - Outgoing, sociable Agreeableness - Tolerant, sensitive Neuroticism - Anxious, temperamental ```

Question 32

Openness

Answer 32

Frontal pole activity Dopamine - reward seeking Cognitive version of extraversion

Question 33

Conscientiousness

Answer 33

Controlling impulses in order to follow longer term goals or rules Lateral PFC Low serotonin and impulsivity

Question 34

Extraversion

Answer 34

Amygdala response to positive emotional scenes | Dopamine

Question 35

Agreeableness

Answer 35

Serotonin increases oxytocin | Oxytocin reduces ACC activity - reduces amygdala reactivity, reduces social threat

Question 36

Attachment Styles

Answer 36

Secure - + about self & + about partner Preoccupied - + about self & - about partner Dismissive - - about self & + about partner Fearful - - about self & - about partner

Question 37

What makes something creative

Answer 37

Original and solves a problem

Question 38

DMS - 3 clusters / 5 axes

Answer 38

Cluster A = Odd and eccentric Cluster B = Impulsive and erratic Cluster C = Anxious and avoidant

Question 39

Cluster A

Answer 39

Schizotypical, Schizoid and Paranoid

Question 40

Cluster B

Answer 40

Histronic, Narcissistic, Antisocial and Borderline

Question 41

Cluster C

Answer 41

Dependent, Avoidant, Obsessive-Compulsive

Question 42

Schizotypical

Answer 42

M > F Magical thinking Odd speech or thinking suspiciousness or paranoia

Question 43

Schizoid

Answer 43

M= F No pleasure from social interaction Indifferent to the opinions of others

Question 44

Paranoid

Answer 44

M < F ? | Assume the worst of everyone

Question 45

Histrionic

Answer 45

M = F Goal is to be centre of attention M = macho F = sexual

Question 46

Narcissistic

Answer 46

M > F Excessive self love Lack of empathy

Question 47

Antisocial

Answer 47

M > F | Illegal activities and risky behaviour

Question 48

Borderline

Answer 48

M = F Rapid mood shifts Uncontrollable anger self-destructive

Question 49

Dependent personality disorder

Answer 49

M < F | Fear of disagreeing with others

Question 50

Avoidant

Answer 50

M = F Expect the worst from others Need constant reassurance

Question 51

Obsessive - compulsive

Answer 51

Over concern with rules Perfectionist Workaholism Inflexible thinking/behaviour

Question 52

Expectant Value Theory

Answer 52

Behavioural decisions determined by presence or size of reinforcement

Question 53

Low strain jobs

Answer 53

Low demand - high control

Question 54

Active jobs

Answer 54

High demand - high control

Question 55

Passive jobs

Answer 55

Low demand - low control

Question 56

High strain jobs

Answer 56

High demand - low control

Question 57

3 basic needs drive behaviour

Answer 57

Autonomy Competence Relatedness