Lab

Question 1

A very strong correlation is _____

Answer 1

> 0.8

Question 2

A strong correlation is _____

Answer 2

0.5 - 0.8

Question 3

A moderate correlation is ____

Answer 3

0.3 - 0.5

Question 4

Criteria for Major Depressive Episode ( 5+ symptoms /9 during the same 2-week period). At least one symptom is either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure. Name the 7 other symptoms

Answer 4

1. Depressed mood - in children and adolescents this can be irritability.
2. Diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities
3. Significant weight loss or weight gain. Or decrease/increase in appetite
4. Insomnia or hypersomnia
5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation
6. Fatigue or loss of energy
7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt
8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness
9. Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal thoughts

Question 5

Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent

Answer 5

Presence of two or more Major Depressive Episodes, with an interval of at least two consecutive months in which criteria are not met for Major Depressive Episode

Question 6

13 symptoms for Panic Attack (4 or more develop abruptly and reach peak within 10 minutes)

Answer 6

1. Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate
2. Sweating
3. Trembling or shaking
4. Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering
5. Feelings of choking
6. Chest Pain or discomfort
7. Nausea or adbominal distress
8. Feelings dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded or faint
9. Derealisation (feelings of unreality), or depersonalisation (being detached from oneself)
10. Fear of losing control
11. Fear of dying
12. Paresthesias ( numbness or tingling)
13. Chills or hot flushes

Question 7

Criteria for Agoraphobia (2)

Answer 7

1. Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or in which help may not be available in the event of having a panic attack
2. The situations are avoided or else are endured with marked distress or with anxiety about having a panic attack, or require the presence of a companion

Question 8

Criteria for Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia

Answer 8

• • Both 1 and 2:
    1. Recurrent unexpected Panic Attacks
    2. At least one of the attacks has been followed by 1 month or more of one or more of the following:
    a) persistent concern about having additional panic attacks
    b) worry about the implications of the attack or its consequences
    c) a significant change in behaviour related to the attacks
• • The presence of Agoraphobia

Question 9

Criteria for Substance Dependence (7) - 3 or more symptoms in a 12-month period

Answer 9

1. Tolerance, as defined by either:
   a) A need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect
   b) markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance
2. Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following:
   a) the characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance
   b) the same or a closely related substance is taken to relive or avoid withdrawal symptoms
3. The substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended
4. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use
5. A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance, use the substance, or recover from its effects
6. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of substance use.
7. The substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused by exacerbated by the substance.

Question 10

Criteria for Alcohol Withdrawal

Answer 10

A. Cessation of alcohol use that has been heavy and prolonged
B. Two or more of the following, developing several hours to a few days after
1. Autonomic hyperactivity
2. Increased hand tremors
3. Insomnia
4. Nausea or vomiting
5. Transient visual, tactile or auditory hallucinations or illusions
6. Psychomotor agitation
7. Grand mal seizures

Question 11

Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 11

1. Refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height
2. Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight
3. Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight of shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight on shape on self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight
4. In postmenarcheal females, the absence of at least three consecutive periods.

Question 12

Two specific types of Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 12

1. Restricting type: During the current episode the person has not regularly engaged in binge-eating or purging behaviour
2. Binge-eating/ purging type: During the current episode the person has regularly engaged in binge-eating or purging behaviour

Question 13

Three subtypes of ADHD

Answer 13

1. Inattentive
2. Hyperactive/Impulsive
3. Combined

Question 14

Children and Adolescents with ADHD sometimes experience other difficulties such as ____

Answer 14

Learning disabilities, academic failure, problems with Executive Functioning, social and conductive problems and increased accidents and injury.

Question 15

ADHD appears more frequently in

a) boys
b) girls

Answer 15

a) boys with a frequency of 3:1

Question 16

Causes of ADHD are ____

Answer 16

Brain dysfunction, specifically in the frontal/striatal areas of the brain. The neurotransmitters norepinephrine and domaine have also been implicated.

Question 17

Criteria for Inattention

Answer 17

a) often fils to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in work
b) often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
c) often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
d) often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish things
e) often has difficulty organising tasks and activities
f) often avoids, dislikes or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort
g) often loses things necessary for tasks or activities
h) is often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
i) is often forgetful in daily activities

Question 18

Criteria for Hyperactivity

Answer 18

a) often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms
b) often leaves seat in classroom or in other situations in which remaining seated is expected
c) often runs about of climbs excessively in situations where it is inappropriate
d) often has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly
e) is often on the go
f) often talks excessively

Question 19

Criteria for impulsivity

Answer 19

a) often hurts out answers before questions have been completed
b) often has difficulty waiting turn
c) often interrupts or intrudes others

Question 20

Autism is more common in

a) boys
b) girls

Answer 20

a) boys

Question 21

Autism is characterised by ___

Answer 21

Impairments in communication and social skills, and restrictive, repetitive and stereotypes patterns of interest and behaviours

Question 22

Behaviours of autism include

Answer 22

Obsessive routines and rituals, abnormal preoccupations, insistence on sameness or stereotyped body movements. They may also get caught in minute details rather than the macroscopic details of their world.
Also experience profound social communication deficits, including difficulties relating to others, orientations to social stimuli, imitation and noticing and understanding other peoples feelings.

Question 23

Criteria for Autistic Disorder

Answer 23

1) Qualitative impairment in social interaction
a) Marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviours
b) failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level
c) lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests or achievements with other people
d) lack of social or emotional reciprocity
2) Qualitative impairments in communication
a) delay in, or total lack or, the development of spoken language
b) inability ot initiate or sustain conversation
c) stereotyped and repetitive use of language
d) lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play
3) Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviour, interest and activities
a) encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that is abnormal
b) apparently inflexible adherence to specific, non-functional routines or rituals
c) stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms
d) persisten preoccupation with parts of objects

Question 24

Unoccupied play - non-social

Answer 24

Children do not appear to be playing. Engage in some random movement with no goal

Question 25

Solitary play - non-social

Answer 25

Children play with toys by themselves, independently of the children around them. Are not influenced by others. Make no effort to approach them

Question 26

Onlooker Play - non-social

Answer 26

Children observe others who are at play. Frequently talk to the children and may make suggestions but don’t join in

Question 27

Parallel Play - Social

Answer 27

Children play with toys similar to those surrounding them. However, they treat the toys how they choose and do not directly interact with others

Question 28

Associative Play - Social

Answer 28

Children interact and share toys. Although don’t seem to share group goals. Still treat toys how they want. They seem to enjoy the others company

Question 29

Cooperative play - social

Answer 29

Children interact to achieve common goal. Different children take on different roles.