Other Muscles Flashcards
The tendons of what four muscles strengthen and stabilise the shoulder joint?
The rotator cuff (Supraspinatus, Subscapularis, Infraspinatus, Teres minor)
How do muscles attach to bone?
Through tendons that actually grow into the bone
For muscles attachment, what do the terms origin and insertion mean?
The origin is the attachment of the muscle at the proximal end nearer the midline of the body. The insertion is at the distal end, and the attachment is usually to a less stable part of the skeleton.
For muscles: what is isometric contraction?
An isometric contraction occurs when the muscle does not or cannot shorten, but the tension on the muscle still increases greatly. Examples of this would include when you hold your body in a raised press up position, when you push against a wall or try to lift something fixed to the floor.
Why are isometric contractions held for too long dangerous?
They can restrict blood flow and can stimulate a rise in blood pressure
For muscles: what is isotonic contractions?
An isotonic contraction occurs when a constant load is moved through a range of motion at a joint. There are two types: concentric and eccentric.
In isotonic contractions, what is a concentric contraction?
When you flex your elbow, for example lifting a barbell in a bicep curl, your biceps muscle contracts, and the muscle shortens.
In isotonic contractions: what is an eccentric contraction?
Where a muscle actually lengthens while contracting. E.g lowering a barbell in a bicep curl and abdominal curls
In muscles: what is an ‘agonist’ and ‘antagonist’ muscle?
The agonist is main muscle used for movement of that particular part of the body, the antagonist is the muscle that would prevent that movement if it were contracted. So the antagonist has to be relaxed for the agonist to move the body part.
E.g for the elbow to flex- The biceps muscle contracts and is an agonist. The triceps muscle relaxes and is therefore an antagonist.
Apart from muscles, what other kinds of tissue serve to stabilise joints?
Ligaments
What five roles is a muscle able to take on to permit movement?
The roles are agonist, antagonist, fixator, neutraliser and synergist
In muscles: what is hypertrophy and atrophy?
Hypertrophy js muscles increasing in size and strength, atrophy is the opposite
What happens to postural muscles as we age?
They tighten
Why does increased in exercise mean the metabolic rate is increased?
Because more muscle tissue grows which uses more energy to maintain than fat tissue and therefore the body burns more calories at rest
