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Other Grammar Flashcards

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1
Q

How to express HOW LONG someone HAS DONE something

A

Hace + time expression + que + present tense verb
Ex: I have taught Spanish for five years.
Hace cinco años que yo enseño español.

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2
Q

How to express HOW LONG AGO some one did something

A

Hace + time expression + que + preterit tense verb
Ex: I started teaching five years ago.
Hace cinco año que yo empecé a enseñar.

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3
Q

HOW LONG SINCE someone has done something

A

Hace + time expression + que + no + present tense verb
Ex: It has been a year since we have seen him.
Hace un año que no lo vamos.

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4
Q

Impersonal Se

A

Used when subject is unknown, irrelevant, or generalized
Se + él form verb + noun -> if noun is singular
Se + ellos form verb + noun -> if noun is plural
NOT USED WITH REFLEXIVE: use uno in place of se.
Ex: one goes to bed.
Uno se acuesta.

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5
Q

When to use PARA

A 
Place going towards
Deadline/time limit
In order to
Purpose with infinitive 
Suitability
Use with noun
Action that caused emotion
Considering/for
Opinion
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6
Q

When to use POR

A 
Place of movement
Temporary stop
Action duration
Still/yet to be done
Inclination towards something
Gratitude/apology
Cause/reason/because of/due to
Motive
Price or exchange
Vague position
Periods in day
Done by someone
For sake of/on behalf of/instead of/in place of/per
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7
Q

Reflexive verb conjugation

A 
Choose: reflexive pronouns: Me, te, se, nos, se
Use: place where it needs to be in sentence
Conjugate: conjugate verb
Ex: acostarse
I went to bed
Acostarme
Me acostar
Me acosté
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8
Q

Reflexive uses

A

Self contained: I went to bed. Me acuesto.
Did to self: I talk to myself. Me hablo.
Get/become/grow + adjective: I got sick. Me enfermé.

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9
Q

Perfect and imperfect progressive tenses

A

Used to emphasize the activity that is currently happening.
Used helping verb estar and verb ending in ado/ido.
ALL IF VERBS STEM CHANGE: e->i and o->u
Present Progressive:
Estoy/ás/á/amos/án
AR ending verb -> ando
ER/IR ending verb -> iendo
Ex: Hablar -> hablando Comer -> comiendo
Imperfect progressive:
Estaba/abas/aba/ábamos/aban
Estar conjugation is only difference.

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10
Q

Affirmative imperative conjugation

A 
Present tú form
Drop the s
Ex: Comer
      Comes
      Come
PRONOUNS ADDED ON END
Hablarse -> Háblame
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11
Q

Affirmative imperative irregulars

A 
Hacer -> has
Tener -> ten
Venir -> ven
Salir -> sal
Poner -> pon
Decir -> di
Ir -> ve
Irse -> vite
Ser -> se
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12
Q

Negative imperative conjugation

A 
No + infinitive verb
No + Yo present tense
No + Drop o
No + Add opposite ending (AR -> es and ER/IR -> as)
Ex: No comer
      No como
      No comas
PRONOUNS IN FRONT
No te preocupes.
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13
Q

Possessive adjectives

A 
Mí/mis
Tu/tus
Su/sus
Nuestro/a/os/as
Su/sus
USED WITH NOUN
Ex: My house
      Mí casa
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14
Q

Clarifying Possessive Adjectives (su/sus)

A

Use a de phrase
Ex: el de él
El matches gender and number of noun being owned
Él matches the number and gender of people owning it.
¿Te gustan la libros de Bob or la de Betty y Dan?
Me gustan sus libros. (Bob’s or Betty and Dan’s?)
Me gustan los de ellos. (Clarifies Betty and Dan’s)

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15
Q

Demonstratives

A 
This and these have ts!
Near      Apart      Distant
This       That        That
These   Those      Those
Este       Ese          Aquel
Esta       Esa          Aquella
Estos     Esos        Aquellos
Estas     Esas        Aquellas
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16
Q

Imperfect conjugation

A

AR:
Aba/abas/aba/ábamos/aban

ER/IR:
Ía/ías/ía/íamos/ían

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17
Q

Conditional irregulars

A 
Podría poder
Pondría poner
Haría hacer
Diría decir
Querría querer
Sabría saber
Vendría venir
Saldría salir
Tendría tener
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18
Q

Present perfect

A

Expresses an action that happened at an unspecified time before the present moment. Ex: the man has left
Haber+___ado/ido (or irreg)
He, has, ha, hemos, han

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19
Q

Conditional

A

Would= ________ría/ías/ía/íamos/ían

20
Q

Abrir (past participle irregular)

A

Abierto

21
Q

Decir (past participle irregular)

A

Dicho

22
Q

Escribir (past participle irregular)

A

Escrito

23
Q

Hacer (past participle irregular)

A

Hecho

24
Q

Poner (past participle irregular)

A

Puesto

25
Q

Romper (past participle irregular)

A

Roto

26
Q

Volver (past participle irregular)

A

Vuelto

27
Q

Ver (past participle irregular)

A

Visto (seen)

Vista (view)

28
Q

Cubrir (past participle irregular)

A

Cubierto

29
Q

Describir (past participle irregular)

A

Descrito

30
Q

Descubir (past participle irregular)

A

Descubierto

31
Q

Devolver (past participle irregular)

A

Revuelto

32
Q

Freír (past participle irregular)

A

Frito

33
Q

Imponer (past participle irregular)

A

Impuesto

34
Q

Morir (past participle irregular)

A

Muerto

35
Q

Resolver (past participle irregular)

A

Resuelto

36
Q

Revolver (past participle irregular)

A

Revuelto

37
Q

Satesfecer (past participle irregular)

A

Satisfecho

38
Q

Componer (past participle irregular)

A

Compuesto

39
Q

Pluperfect

A

Expresses an action that happened at an unspecified time before another past action. Ex: He had left before I arrived.
Haber+___ado/ido (or irreg)
Había, habías, había, habíamos, habían

40
Q

Imperfect

A 
Aba/abas/aba/ábamos/aban 
Ía/ías/ía/íamos/ían
No stem change
Irregulars:
Ser:  era/eras/era/éramos/eran
Ver: veía/veías/veía/veíamos/veían
Ir: iba/ibas/iba/íbamos/iban
41
Q

True Passive

A

Subject receives the action, it does not do it. Agent is stated, implied, or well known.
Subject+ser+past participle

42
Q

Past participle acting as an adjective

A

Resulting condition/condition of subject.

Estar+past participle

43
Q

Present Participles

A

Infinitive ar ending replaced by ando/ er/ir ending replaced with iendo.
Part of progressive tense: I am working on that right now.
Verb clause set off by commas: the boy, chewing his gum, walked away.
Varying use from English: The crying baby… becomes the baby that was/is crying… Bebe que lloraba/llora…

44
Q

Gerund

A

Replaces to ____ forms, follows a preposition, and a noun.
Ex: Walking is a fun thing. Andar es una cosa divertida.
Ex: He was happy from singing. Él estaba contento de cantar.
INFINITIVES

45
Q

Progressive Tenses

A

Estar(in chosen tense)+_______ando/iendo/yendo
Present: emphasis action that is currently happening
Imperfect: emphasis action that was currently happening
Future: emphasis action that will be currently happening
Conditional: emphasis what would(n’t) be what is currently happening
Present Perfect: emphasis what has been currently happening
Pluperfect: emphasis what had been currently happening

Spanish (55 decks)

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