other facts Flashcards
what is psychology?
the scientific study of human behaviour and mental processes
what is the difference between human behaviour and mental processes?
human behaviour: anything that is visibly behaviours (clearly holding up a mug, if you ask someone, they will agree that youre holding up a mug)
mental processes
what is the difference between philosophy and scientific method
philosophy is just an observation and understanding of the world
what is pleasure
pleasurable activities feel good. as we engage in them, we enjoy them and therefore want to engage in them again.
sometimes aggression is pleasurable
definition of cognition
our higher intellectual thinking, human intellectual thinking
this explains why monkeys can’t build cars
give an example of how your conscious affects your pre-conscious and then your unconscious
you learn to read hanks to your sight
(vision = one of the five senses = conscious)
explain the oral stage + possibly oral fixations
- 0-18 months
- libido is focused sexually around the mouth
examples of satisfying of the oral membrane of the mouth:
- sucking
- eating right at birth
aggressive libido:
- screaming
- biting
- crying
this is why babies love to put things in their mouth
oral fixations:
- smoking
- chewing on gum, pens, etc
- nail biting
- overeating
- drinking
- sarcasm and verbal hostility
explain the anal stage + anal expulsive/retentive personality +anal related fixations
age 18-36 months
babies are now potty trained: the rectal muscle is trained to hold.
babies have the strength to suppress it and hold it in this is called…
anal retentive personality:
- if a child receives excessive pressure and punishment from parents during potty training, he will experience anxiety and take pleasure in holding in his potty
- anal retentive personality fixation specific examples: obsessively clean and orderly, careful, withholding, conforming, passive-aggressive
babies who constantly let go of poop have a…
anal expulsive personality
- if the parents are too lenient and fait to instil rules about control, the child will derive pleasure from this expulsion
-anal expulsive personality specific fixation examples: sloppy, disorganized, reckless, careless, defiant
anal related fixations:
- perfectionism
- tolerance of people
- poor/good money management
- butt plug
- anal sex
- disorganized
- stuck up personality
- passive aggressive people
- breaking up through text
- “tight ass” person who is cheap
explain the latent stage + fixations
latent is not a sexual stage: libido gets sublimated
sublimation: when the libido actually transfers itself into creative activities that are beneficial for society and deal with the interest of the child (usually gender stereotypical) this can be sports, hobbies, games, etc
latency fixations:
- obsessed with games, sports, art, gambling, etc
explain genital stage + fixations
with puberty, sexual urges reawaken and the child moves into the genital stage
during this stage, sexual urges become more specifically genital
genital fixations:
none because fixation can only be for the first four stages
nature vs nurture
nature: pre-wiring, what were born with
nurture: taken as the influence of external factors through exposure, experience and learning
what is a erogenous zone
a part of the skin or mucous membrane that is extremely sensitive to stimulation
