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Serology > Other Diseases > Flashcards

Other Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Toxoplasmosis Transmission

A

Infection occurs by ingestion of oocysts (hand-to-mouth), other modes of transmission are undercooked pork or lamb

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2
Q

Causitive Organism of Syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum (spirochete, gram negative)

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3
Q

Syphilis Transmission

A
  1. Direct contact
  2. Perinatally
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4
Q

Primary Syphilis Symptoms

A
  • After 10-90 day incubation
  • Chancre: painless lesion
  • Enlarged Lymph Nodes
  • Spirochetes visible through dark field analysis of skin lesions
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5
Q

Secondary Syphilis Symptoms

A
  • 3-6 weeks after Primary Syphilis symptoms
  • Skin rash, fever, malaise, pharyngitis, weight loss, and lymphadenopathy
  • Skin/mucous membrane lesions that still contain spirochetes
  • Produces positive Serological tests
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6
Q

Late Latent Syphilis Symptoms

A

No signs or symptoms, but Treponemal and Non-treponemal tests are positive

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7
Q

Tertiary Syphilis Symptoms

A
  • Gummas: lesions throughout body
  • Aortic problems
  • Neurosyphilis: CNS seizures, dementia
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8
Q

Non-treponemal Tests

A

Detect antibody to cardiolipin, VDRL and RPR

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9
Q

Treponemal Tests

A
  1. FTA-ABS (Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption Test)
  2. EIA
  3. DNA Probe
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10
Q

False Negative and False Positive Results in VDRL and RPR

A

Negative:

  1. Early Primary Stage
  2. Prozone phenomenon in Secondary stage
  3. Late Stage (Postzone)
  4. Immunosuppressed Pt

Positive:

  1. Due to similar Ag that can be found in SLE, Autoimmune diseases, pregnancy, and some chronic infections (Hepatitis)
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11
Q

CRP

A

A type of non-specific Ab-like protein for defense against infection

Found in high levels ininfection, surgery, and other trauma (inflammation)

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12
Q

Cause of Atypical Pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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13
Q

Cold Agglutinin Cause (Outside infection)

A

Infection with M. pneumoniae that creates cross-reactive Ab that start to bind I/i Ag on RBCs in vivo

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14
Q

Causitive Agent of Strep Throat

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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15
Q

Consequences of untreated Strep Throat

A

Acute Rheumatic Fever

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

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16
Q

S. pyogenes Skin Infection

A

Necrotizing faciitis

17
Q

Exotoxins(Antigens) produced by S. pyogenes

A
  1. Streptolysin O
  2. DNase B
  3. Hyaluronidase
  4. NADase
  5. Streptokinase
18
Q

hCG

A

Used in pregnancy testing, in either urine or serum samples

19
Q

Latex agglutination Pregnancy Test

A

Anti-hCG is mixed with Pt urine on slide, then hCG coated latex particles are added.

If hCG was present in the urine, it will already have bound to the anti-hCG and there will be nothing left to bind with the latex particles; meaning no agglutination is a positive test

20
Q

ELISA for pregnancy testing

A

Uses hCG specific Ab bound to a solid media or linked to a specific enzyme.

  • In solid media, the Ag-Ab form complexes and precipitate
  • In enzyme linked, the Ag-anti-hCG-enzyme form a sandwich, and unbound enzyme is washed away. Substrate is added that causes a color change that can be read.
21
Q

Disorders Causing False Positive Pregnancy Tests

A
  • Choriocarcinoma
  • Pituitary disorders
  • Ovarian cysts
  • Bladder/Ovarian Cancer
22
Q

Choriocarcinoma

A

A malignant, trophoblastic cancer, usually of the placenta whose cells produce hCG

23
Q

Pituitary Disorders In Pregnancy Testing

A
  • Tumors can stimulate the pituitary gland to produce hCG
  • Menopause can also produce hCG
  • Pituitary can also create hCG even when no disorder or tumor is present
24
Q

Ovarian Cysts in Pregnancy Testing

A

Corpus luteum left in ovary after egg is released can produce hCG

25
Q

Causative Agent in Lyme Disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

Vector is the Ixodes Tick

26
Q

Lyme Disease Stages and Symptoms

A
  • Early: reddened “Bulls Eye” rash around bite (erythema chronicum migrans)
  • Late: Arthritis in knees, shoulders, elbows, or aseptic meningitis
  • Chronic: sclerotic/atrophic skin lesions or lymphocytoma
27
Q

Laboratory testing of Lyme Disease

A
  • Immunofluorescence
  • ELISA
  • Immunoblotting
28
Q

Toxoplasmosis Cause

A
  • Protozoan
  • Toxoplasma gondii
29
Q

Toxoplasmosis Symptoms

A

Asymptomatic to mild mono-like symptoms, difficult infection for immunocompetent or immunosuppressed individuals.

30
Q

Toxoplasmosis Laboratory Testing

A
  • EIA
  • IFA/MHA
  • Gold Standard is Sabin-Feldman Dye Test
31
Q

Toxoplasmosis Treatment

A

Combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, though cyst is resistant

32
Q

CRP vs ESR

A

CRP is more sensitive and accurate due to a more constant half life, and steady prodution rate (level present it equal to what was recently produced)

Acute phase protein, so it can be seen rapidly in serum

33
Q

Congenital Syphilis

A
  • Transmitted through placenta
  • Multiple birth defects, most characteristic is the collapse of nasal bones to cause the “saddle-nose” deformity

Serology (8 decks)

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