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Clin Med I - Dermatology > Other Dermatoses > Flashcards

Other Dermatoses Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

How does acanthosis nigricans present?

A
  • symmetrical
  • hyperpigmented
  • velvety, plaques
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2
Q

Where does acanthosis nigricans typically present?

A
  • skin folds

- i.e. posterior neck, axilla, under the breast, and groin

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of acanthosis nigricans?

A
  • usually asymptomatic

- mild pruritis possible

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4
Q

What causes acanthosis nigricans?

A
  • ? factors that stimulate epidermal proliferation, i.e. insulin
  • ? friction and sweat
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5
Q

What is the treatment for acanthosis nigricans?

A
  • treat underlying dz (weight loss, DM dz)

- will not disappear, just prevent progression

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6
Q

How is appearance improved in acanthosis nigricans?

A
  • keratolytics

- topical retinoids

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7
Q

What is malignancy associated acanthosis nigricans?

A
  • acanthosis nigricans associated with GI malignancy

- underlying tumor is usually aggressive

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8
Q

What is hidradenitis suppurativa?

A
  • disorder of the terminal follicular epithelium in the apocrine gland bearing skin
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9
Q

Who does hidradenitis suppurativa affect?

A
  • females > males with family hx
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10
Q

How does hidradenitis suppurativa present?

A
  • erythema to painful papules/nodules to abscess formation to discharge to scarring
  • patient presents with scarring resulting in dermal contractures
  • open comedones
  • recurrence
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11
Q

How is the hidradenitis suppurativia diagnosed?

A
  • clinical features

- typical lesion with progression, distribution, and reccurence

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12
Q

What is the treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa?

A
  • no cure
  • surgical excision of glands
  • abx
  • intra-lesion steroid
  • pain management
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13
Q

What is a lipoma?

A
  • benign subcutaneous fatty tumor

- discrete rubbery mass, 2-10cm

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14
Q

What are lipomas composed of?

A
  • fat cells
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15
Q

What is the treatment for lipomas?

A
  • none

- surgical excision

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16
Q

What is an epidermal inclusion cyst?

A
  • proliferation of epidermal cells within a circumscribed space in the dermis
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17
Q

How does an epidermal inclusion cyst start?

A
  • pimple or ingrown hair
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18
Q

How does epidermal inclusion cyst present?

A
  • asymptomatic
  • may become inflamed
  • cheesy, foul smelling contents when ruptured
19
Q

Describe the appearance of epidermal inclusion cyst

A
  • flesh colored
  • firm
  • round
  • nodule
  • size varies
20
Q

What is the treatment for epidermal inclusion cyst?

A
  • none necessary

- excision must get entire lining

21
Q

What is a melasma?

A
  • hypermelanosis of sun exposed skin
22
Q

What is the patient population for melasma?

A
  • females, hormonal influence

- OCP and pregnancy

23
Q

What causes melasma?

A
  • sun exposure
24
Q

What are the symptoms of melasma?

A
  • asymptomatic

- cosmetic concern

25
Q

What is a common distribution of melasma?

A
  • mustache
26
Q

What is the treatment for melasma?

A
  • difficult
  • sun avoidance
  • high SPF
  • avoid hormonal rx
  • hydroquinone
  • topical retinoid
27
Q

What is vitiligo?

A
  • acquired pigmentary disorder of skin and mucous membranes

- melanocyte destruction

28
Q

How does vitiligo present?

A
  • depigmented macules or patches
  • well demarcated
  • usually asymptomatic
  • progressive
29
Q

Where does vitiligo present?

A
  • hands, arms, feet, and face

- perioral and periocular

30
Q

What is the issue with treatment of vitiligo?

A
  • more distal lesions harder to tread
31
Q

What is the cause of vitiligo?

A
  • idopathic
  • ? autoimmune
  • ? genetic
  • ? inherent defect in melanocytes
32
Q

How is vitiligo diagnosed?

A
  • clinically, visual

- biopsy

33
Q

What is the common association with vitiligo?

A
  • thyroid disorders

- check thyroid labs

34
Q

What is the treatment for vitiligo?

A
  • no cure
  • difficult to treat
  • no standard tx
  • high SPF
  • systemic phototherapy
  • excimer laser
  • topical therapy
  • depigmentation therapy
  • surgical
  • mental health referal
35
Q

What is urticaria?

A
  • fancy word for hives
36
Q

What is the most common derm presentation to the ED?

A
  • urticaria
37
Q

Describe urticaria

A
  • raised
  • well circumscribed lesion of erythema and edema
  • aka wheal
  • very pruritic
38
Q

Why does urticaria occur?

A
  • release of histamine

- other vasoactive substances in the dermis

39
Q

What is the treatment for urticaria?

A
  • ED for signs of lifethreatening rxn
  • antihistamines
  • no systemic steroids
  • biologic
  • remove offender
  • epipen + ED
40
Q

pilondial cyst

A
  • cyst near tailbone at the top of the cleft of the buttocks
41
Q

How does a pilondial cyst start?

A
  • hair punctures skin and becomes embedded (ingrown hair like EIC)
42
Q

What are the symptoms of a pilondial cyst?

A
  • abscess
  • erythema
  • pain
  • discharge
43
Q

What is the treatment for pilondial cyst?

A
  • I&D
  • abx
  • gen surg ref for surgical excision
44
Q

What type of reaction is urticaria?

A
  • type I hypersensitivity

Clin Med I - Dermatology (10 decks)

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