Other Conditions Flashcards
DCPC or ATC Monitoring
Only apply distance-based longitudinal separation standards when:
a) DCPC exists
b) ATC monitors all distance reports made by the aircraft
Same Beacon/Waypoint
Obtain all distance reports with reference to the same DME beacon or waypoint.
Off Track Waypoint
You may use an offtrack waypoint or beacon provided that the distance reports from both aircraft are together increasing or decreasing.
Both aircraft must be on the same side relative to the waypoint.
Different Route Clearances
When selecting a waypoint for obtaining distances with aircraft on different routes, use a waypoint that the LEADING aircraft is either tracking to or from.
Checking the Distance
- AT LEAST every 30 minutes.
- If closing exists, AT LEAST every 15 minutes.
Closing Speeds
May exist, provided that:
a) separation is in excess of the minimum distance required
b) distance checks are made at intervals NOT EXCEEDING 15 minutes
c) when aircraft are cruising at levels not vertically separated, the closing speed is not greater than 35 kt IAS or Mach 0.06
Using GNSS for D1 to D4
a) where a mix of GNSS and DME distances is used, do not use reports if one aircraft is within 20NM of the reference point; and
b) when GNSS is used by both aircraft, you must apply the standard with reference to published waypoints
Additional Conditions for the Application of D4, D7 and R3
You may also apply these standards between two aircraft if:
a) the aircraft are confirmed to be on opposite sides of an en route navaid, and one aircraft’s distance is established to be not closer than the distance required by the separation minimum
Provide separation using?
approved separation standards, associated conditions and procedures ensuring spacing between aircraft is never less than a prescribed separation minimum.
Assure separation through
the process of assessing traffic, identifying conflicts, planning to ensure separation, executing the plan and monitoring the situation to ensure the standard is not infringed.
Where the type of separation or minimum used to separate two aircraft cannot be maintained what must be done?
Establish another type of separation or another minimum prior to the time when the current separation minimum would be infringed.
Expedition is _____________ to the absolute requirement for safety
Secondary
Base the method of separation on ______________
operational advantage
Where differing aircraft speed may compromise a separation standard, what should be done?
- Obtain speed confirmation from the aircraft concerned.
- If required, apply speed control to ensure separation is maintained.
Can you use RNAV10 for the application of RNP10 separation standards?
Yes
True or false. You may not use the pilot’s in-flight advice of approval status in the application of separation.
False.
You may use the pilot’s in-flight advice of approval status in the application of separation.
When assigning separation for specific aircraft to another unit:
a) coordinate which ATC unit has the responsibility for separation; and
b) clearly define any restrictions, where applicable.
When pilots are assigned responsibility for separation in controlled airspace, the responsibility:
a) takes effect when pilots acknowledge the clearance or instruction; and
b) continues to apply, with respect to all advised traffic, until an alternative ATC separation standard exists.
How should IFR flights conducting VFR procedures be regarded?
Regard IFR flights maintaining VFR-on-top in Class E airspace, conducting VFR departures from Class D aerodromes or operating VFR climb/descent in Class D or Class E airspace, as IFR flights, except that pilots assume responsibility for separation with other traffic.
When, and subject to what conditions, may you temporarily use half the applicable vertical separation minima?
During an emergency situation, such as radar failure, where it is not possible to ensure that the applicable procedural separation minima will be maintained.
Traffic information should be issued to the affected aircraft.
When should ATS surveillance separation be applied?
Between identified aircraft when there is reasonable assurance that identification will be maintained.
Does surveillance separation require ATC and pilots to maintain direct VHF/UHF communications?
Yes.
You must maintain direct VHF/UHF communications between ATC and the aircraft prior to and during the provision of ATS surveillance separation.
Surveillance separation should be based on what?
The distance between the centres of position symbols.
Do not allow edges of the position symbols to touch or overlap unless vertical separation is applied between aircraft.
Can low quality ADS-B position symbols be used for the application of ATS surveillance system separation?
No. High-quality only.
How can low quality ADS-B position symbols be used?
- Except when a pilot reports ‘GNSS UNAVAILABLE’ (e.g. loss of RAIM or RAIM alert), you may use low-quality ADS-B symbols in lieu of position reports to establish procedural separation.
- Only use the ADS-B level for separation once coordination has been received or the level has been verified.
You may apply ATS surveillance system separation between aircraft about to leave controlled airspace provided that:
a) the horizontal separation is not less than the prescribed minimum; and
b) you pass mutual traffic information to the aircraft concerned before they leave controlled airspace.
S2
5NM
Except where the required wake turbulence distance separation minimum is greater than 5 NM.
S3b
10 NM
a) UFB; and
b) Display range does not exceed 500 NM.
Reasons for Vectoring
a) apply ATS surveillance system separation
b) achieve an expeditious flow of aircraft
c) maximise use of available airspace
d) comply with noise abatement procedures; and
e) avoid areas of known hazardous weather or known severe turbulence
Should you apply speed control where there are more than two aircraft in an ‘in trail’ formation?
Avoid applying ATC speed restrictions when there are more than two aircraft in-trail
Can civil formation flights operate in RVSM airspace?
No
Is MARSA ATC initiated?
No. Do not initiate MARSA.
ATC should approve initiation of MARSA procedures when ready to permit pilot self-separation and there are no conflictions with non-participating traffic
MARSA continues to apply to participating aircraft until when?
Until a level separated from the MARSA limits has been assigned and reached, unless it is known that all aircraft operating within MARSA are separated by an ATC standard that can be maintained.
Define the formation types
Close: Aircraft within the formation are considered to be one aircraft
Standard: Aircraft may manoeuvre up to 1NM either side of, co-altitude with, and up to 1NM behind the lead aircraft
In-trail: Elements within the trail maintain a nominated spacing from the element ahead
Block: A non-standard formation type that operates within a prearranged airspace block
For each formation type, explain what the separation with other airspace users is based on
Close: The lead aircraft
Standard: The outer limits of the formation
In-trail: The first and last element of the trail
Block: The outer edges of the airspace block
What is the definition of standard rate?
The phrase standard rate, when included in a clearance, specifies a rate of climb or descent of not less than 500ft per minute, except that the last 1000ft to an assigned level will be made at 500ft per minute
Do not use GNSS as the basis for separation when?
A pilot advises ‘GNSS UNAVAILABLE’ (e.g. loss of RAIM or RAIM alert).
When are you able to implement GNSS based separation standards after a pilot has notified GNSS UNAVAILABLE?
Reassess the implementation of GNSS-based separation standards following pilot use of the phrase ‘GNSS AVAILABLE’
Define BLSP
The point at which the navigation tolerances of both aircraft are no closer than 1NM
Define Area of Conflict
The area in which the navigation tolerances of selected tracks overlap.
Define Lateral Separation
Separation between the navigation tolerances of aircraft in the horizontal plane expressed in terms of distance or angular displacement between tracks.
