Other Conditions

Question 1

DCPC or ATC Monitoring

Answer 1

Only apply distance-based longitudinal separation standards when:

a) DCPC exists
b) ATC monitors all distance reports made by the aircraft

Question 2

Same Beacon/Waypoint

Answer 2

Obtain all distance reports with reference to the same DME beacon or waypoint.

Question 3

Off Track Waypoint

Answer 3

You may use an offtrack waypoint or beacon provided that the distance reports from both aircraft are together increasing or decreasing.

Both aircraft must be on the same side relative to the waypoint.

Question 4

Different Route Clearances

Answer 4

When selecting a waypoint for obtaining distances with aircraft on different routes, use a waypoint that the LEADING aircraft is either tracking to or from.

Question 5

Checking the Distance

Answer 5

• AT LEAST every 30 minutes.
• If closing exists, AT LEAST every 15 minutes.

Question 6

Closing Speeds

Answer 6

May exist, provided that:

a) separation is in excess of the minimum distance required
b) distance checks are made at intervals NOT EXCEEDING 15 minutes
c) when aircraft are cruising at levels not vertically separated, the closing speed is not greater than 35 kt IAS or Mach 0.06

Question 7

Using GNSS for D1 to D4

Answer 7

a) where a mix of GNSS and DME distances is used, do not use reports if one aircraft is within 20NM of the reference point; and
b) when GNSS is used by both aircraft, you must apply the standard with reference to published waypoints

Question 8

Additional Conditions for the Application of D4, D7 and R3

Answer 8

You may also apply these standards between two aircraft if:

a) the aircraft are confirmed to be on opposite sides of an en route navaid, and one aircraft’s distance is established to be not closer than the distance required by the separation minimum

Question 9

Provide separation using?

Answer 9

approved separation standards, associated conditions and procedures ensuring spacing between aircraft is never less than a prescribed separation minimum.

Question 10

Assure separation through

Answer 10

the process of assessing traffic, identifying conflicts, planning to ensure separation, executing the plan and monitoring the situation to ensure the standard is not infringed.

Question 11

Where the type of separation or minimum used to separate two aircraft cannot be maintained what must be done?

Answer 11

Establish another type of separation or another minimum prior to the time when the current separation minimum would be infringed.

Question 12

Expedition is _____________ to the absolute requirement for safety

Answer 12

Secondary

Question 13

Base the method of separation on ______________

Answer 13

operational advantage

Question 14

Where differing aircraft speed may compromise a separation standard, what should be done?

Answer 14

1. Obtain speed confirmation from the aircraft concerned.
2. If required, apply speed control to ensure separation is maintained.

Question 15

Can you use RNAV10 for the application of RNP10 separation standards?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

True or false. You may not use the pilot’s in-flight advice of approval status in the application of separation.

Answer 16

False.

You may use the pilot’s in-flight advice of approval status in the application of separation.

Question 17

When assigning separation for specific aircraft to another unit:

Answer 17

a) coordinate which ATC unit has the responsibility for separation; and
b) clearly define any restrictions, where applicable.

Question 18

When pilots are assigned responsibility for separation in controlled airspace, the responsibility:

Answer 18

a) takes effect when pilots acknowledge the clearance or instruction; and
b) continues to apply, with respect to all advised traffic, until an alternative ATC separation standard exists.

Question 19

How should IFR flights conducting VFR procedures be regarded?

Answer 19

Regard IFR flights maintaining VFR-on-top in Class E airspace, conducting VFR departures from Class D aerodromes or operating VFR climb/descent in Class D or Class E airspace, as IFR flights, except that pilots assume responsibility for separation with other traffic.

Question 20

When, and subject to what conditions, may you temporarily use half the applicable vertical separation minima?

Answer 20

During an emergency situation, such as radar failure, where it is not possible to ensure that the applicable procedural separation minima will be maintained.

Traffic information should be issued to the affected aircraft.

Question 21

When should ATS surveillance separation be applied?

Answer 21

Between identified aircraft when there is reasonable assurance that identification will be maintained.

Question 22

Does surveillance separation require ATC and pilots to maintain direct VHF/UHF communications?

Answer 22

Yes.

You must maintain direct VHF/UHF communications between ATC and the aircraft prior to and during the provision of ATS surveillance separation.

Question 23

Surveillance separation should be based on what?

Answer 23

The distance between the centres of position symbols.

Do not allow edges of the position symbols to touch or overlap unless vertical separation is applied between aircraft.

Question 24

Can low quality ADS-B position symbols be used for the application of ATS surveillance system separation?

Answer 24

No. High-quality only.

Question 25

How can low quality ADS-B position symbols be used?

Answer 25

1. Except when a pilot reports ‘GNSS UNAVAILABLE’ (e.g. loss of RAIM or RAIM alert), you may use low-quality ADS-B symbols in lieu of position reports to establish procedural separation.
2. Only use the ADS-B level for separation once coordination has been received or the level has been verified.

Question 26

You may apply ATS surveillance system separation between aircraft about to leave controlled airspace provided that:

Answer 26

a) the horizontal separation is not less than the prescribed minimum; and
b) you pass mutual traffic information to the aircraft concerned before they leave controlled airspace.

Question 27

S2

Answer 27

5NM

Except where the required wake turbulence distance separation minimum is greater than 5 NM.

Question 28

S3b

Answer 28

10 NM

a) UFB; and
b) Display range does not exceed 500 NM.

Question 29

Reasons for Vectoring

Answer 29

a) apply ATS surveillance system separation
b) achieve an expeditious flow of aircraft
c) maximise use of available airspace
d) comply with noise abatement procedures; and
e) avoid areas of known hazardous weather or known severe turbulence

Question 30

Should you apply speed control where there are more than two aircraft in an ‘in trail’ formation?

Answer 30

Avoid applying ATC speed restrictions when there are more than two aircraft in-trail

Question 31

Can civil formation flights operate in RVSM airspace?

Answer 31

No

Question 32

Is MARSA ATC initiated?

Answer 32

No. Do not initiate MARSA.

ATC should approve initiation of MARSA procedures when ready to permit pilot self-separation and there are no conflictions with non-participating traffic

Question 33

MARSA continues to apply to participating aircraft until when?

Answer 33

Until a level separated from the MARSA limits has been assigned and reached, unless it is known that all aircraft operating within MARSA are separated by an ATC standard that can be maintained.

Question 34

Define the formation types

Answer 34

Close: Aircraft within the formation are considered to be one aircraft

Standard: Aircraft may manoeuvre up to 1NM either side of, co-altitude with, and up to 1NM behind the lead aircraft

In-trail: Elements within the trail maintain a nominated spacing from the element ahead

Block: A non-standard formation type that operates within a prearranged airspace block

Question 35

For each formation type, explain what the separation with other airspace users is based on

Answer 35

Close: The lead aircraft

Standard: The outer limits of the formation

In-trail: The first and last element of the trail

Block: The outer edges of the airspace block

Question 36

What is the definition of standard rate?

Answer 36

The phrase standard rate, when included in a clearance, specifies a rate of climb or descent of not less than 500ft per minute, except that the last 1000ft to an assigned level will be made at 500ft per minute

Question 37

Do not use GNSS as the basis for separation when?

Answer 37

A pilot advises ‘GNSS UNAVAILABLE’ (e.g. loss of RAIM or RAIM alert).

Question 38

When are you able to implement GNSS based separation standards after a pilot has notified GNSS UNAVAILABLE?

Answer 38

Reassess the implementation of GNSS-based separation standards following pilot use of the phrase ‘GNSS AVAILABLE’

Question 39

Define BLSP

Answer 39

The point at which the navigation tolerances of both aircraft are no closer than 1NM

Question 40

Define Area of Conflict

Answer 40

The area in which the navigation tolerances of selected tracks overlap.

Question 41

Define Lateral Separation

Answer 41

Separation between the navigation tolerances of aircraft in the horizontal plane expressed in terms of distance or angular displacement between tracks.