Lateral

Question 1

What is the lateral separation buffer?

Answer 1

1NM between the possible positions of two aircraft.

Question 2

What may be used to apply lateral separation?

Answer 2

a) lateral separation diagrams;
b) tables; or
c) lateral conflict tools

Question 3

Establish an aircraft’s position outside lateral conflict by: ________

Answer 3

Determination of lateral conflict through:
i) application of the appropriate tolerance(s);
ii) determination of the area of conflict;
iii) identification of the relevant BLSP; and
iv) calculation of entry and exit points

Question 4

What is the minimum tracking tolerance?

Answer 4

1NM

Question 5

When applying lateral separation between an identified and a non-identified aircraft, what should you do?

Answer 5

a) apply a tolerance equal to the applicable ATS surveillance separation minima to the identified aircraft
b) apply the appropriate independent tolerance to the non-identified aircraft; and
c) ensure the identified aircraft will remain identified until another standard is in place

Question 6

Determine the area of conflict by applying tolerances between: ____________

Answer 6

a) two aircraft; or
b) an aircraft and an airspace boundary

Question 7

The addition of a 1NM buffer for lateral separation is not required for separation with which areas?

Answer 7

a) parachutists within a PJE drop area; or
b) airspaces with non-flying activity

Question 8

Use the most ________________ BLSP for the tolerances selected.

Answer 8

Conservative.

For entry, this is the first BLSP that the aircraft could pass. For exit, this is the last BLSP that the aircraft could pass.

Question 9

Establish entry and exit points by one of the following:

Answer 9

a) Applying time buffers to estimates for a BLSP;
b) Appling area navigation tolerances;
c) Applying slant range and DME equipment error corrections to a BLSP;
d) Passage over a visual fix located on the opposite side of a BLSP from the area of conflict; or
e) Passage over a positive radio fix located on the opposite side of a BLSP from the area of conflict.

Question 10

What is the method for calculating the times for entering or leaving lateral conflict?

Answer 10

1. Calculate the estimate for the BLSP;
2. Calculate a time buffer equal to half the longitudinal time standard applicable to the aircraft;
3. Subtract the time buffer from the first BLSP estimate to calculate the entry point; and
4. Add the time buffer to the last BLSP estimate to calculate the exit point.

Consider lateral separation to exist if the estimate for the first aircraft’s exit point
is the same or earlier than the estimate for the second aircraft’s entry point.

Question 11

Issue and obtain acceptance of distance based level restrictions _____________ the estimate for the ____________ aircraft’s entry point.

Answer 11

1. before
2. second

Question 12

What is the maximum tracking tolerance in CTA?

Answer 12

30NM

Question 13

What is the maximum tracking tolerance in OCA?

Answer 13

50NM

Question 14

Dependent vs Independent Tolerances

Answer 14

Apply independent tolerances to aircraft on an individual (per aircraft) basis.

Apply dependent tolerances only between aircraft pairs with the appropriate navigation approval.

Question 15

Approved means for the application of lateral separation are?

Answer 15

a) establishing an aircraft’s position outside lateral conflict;

b) applying an appropriate ATS surveillance system separation minimum; or

c) by day only, applying a 1 NM buffer to the track or position of an aircraft which is determined relative to a prominent geographic feature provided that the aircraft is:
i) tracking visually; and
ii) not more than 10000 FT above the geographic feature.

Question 16

When applying lateral separation between an identified aircraft and a non-identified aircraft:

Answer 16

a) apply a tolerance equal to the applicable ATS surveillance separation minima to the identified aircraft;

b) apply the appropriate independent tolerance to the non-identified aircraft; and

c) ensure the identified aircraft will remain identified until another standard is in place.

Question 17

Calculate the BLSP distance by _________

Answer 17

measuring from a significant point on the aircraft’s route to the BLSP.

Question 18

Where lateral separation using time does not exist, by when must another form of separation be established?

Answer 18

By the estimate or distance for the second aircraft’s entry point.

Question 19

Calculate a DME based lateral separation entry or exit point as follows (SE60):

Answer 19

1) Determine the distance from the DME site to the BLSP;
2) If the area of conflict (or part of it) is between the BLSP and the DME site, add the slant range correction to the BLSP distance;
3) Apply the correction for DME equipment error to the distance derived from steps 1 and 2, away from the area of conflict; and
4) Where the lateral separation point is less than 60 NM from and between the area of conflict and the reference DME site, subtract 1 NM from the distance derived at step 3.

Question 20

Can GNSS distances be used in lieu of a co-sited DME when calculating a DME based lateral separation entry or exit point?

Answer 20

Yes.

Where the navigation tolerance is determined with reference to ground-based navaids, you may use GNSS distances in lieu of a co-sited DME in the steps above.

Question 21

When can you consider lateral separation involving an ATS surveillance system position symbol to exist?

Answer 21

When an ATS surveillance system position symbol is observed beyond an exit point displayed or calculated on the screen:

a) by the appropriate ATS surveillance system separation minimum; or
b) without applying an ATS surveillance separation minimum, provided:
i) no cross track tolerances are applied; and
ii) the tolerance for the identified aircraft is equal to or greater than the applicable ATS surveillance system separation minimum.

Question 22

What tolerances are incorporated into lateral separation table minimas?

Answer 22

Where required, the 1 NM lateral separation standard and a 1 degree charting tolerance are incorporated in the minima.

Question 23

Conditions for the use of entry/exit point tables where navaids are specified are:

Answer 23

a) Where DME is specified:
i) the DME is to be co-sited with the azimuth tracking navaid;
ii) distances are corrected for DME slant range and equipment error;
iii) where DME is not used, a DME entry/exit point may be used as the distance of the BLSP from the azimuth navaid; and
iv) GNSS distances may be used in lieu of co-sited DME distances as an entry or exit point;

b) Where ground based azimuth navaids are specified, aircraft must have reported receiving or be within the published range of the navaid; and

c) Use VOR columns for TACAN.

Question 24

GNSS table conditions for use.

Answer 24

a) in CTA;

b) when GNSS information is from an approved SCNS;

c) when turns in track at the common waypoint or navaid are not greater than five degrees;

d) when the GNSS aircraft is confirmed established on track:
i) between two published or flight planned waypoints and/or navaids; and
ii) to or from the common waypoint or navaid from which separation will be applied;

e) using DME, when the DME is co-sited with the azimuth navaid;

f) where DME is not available, using the DME lateral separation point as the distance of the BLSP from the azimuth navaid; and

g) using VOR columns for TACAN.