Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Case 4: Infective Endocarditis > Other Cardiac Diseases > Flashcards

Other Cardiac Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is Libman Sacks endocarditis

A

Associated with SLE (autoimmune disease) = Ag-Ab deposits, valvulitis causing fibrinoid necrosis of valve & haematoxylin bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Marantic endocarditis/non bacterial thrombus endocarditis (NBTE) characteristics & location

A

A thrombus with RBC, platelets & fibrin forming lines of Zahn that are sterile & at line of closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is mitral valve prolapse

A

Mucopolysaccharide depositions causing myxomatosis degeneration leading to floppy valve of mitral valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is calcification aortic stenosis

A

Acquired aortic stenosis due to wear & tear & calcification causing fusion of cusps = stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is carcinoid/mural heart disease

A

Neuroendocrine tumour that secretes hormones (serotonin & histamine) causing diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting & skin flushing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cardiomyopathies definition & exclusion criteria

A

Intrinsic primary heart muscle defect that encodes different genes for proteins in myocytes
After exclusion of ischaemic heart disease, hypertension & underlying valvular abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the 7 general cardiomyopathies findings

A

AAHHDEM
1. Abnormal contractility or abnormal filling
2. Hypertrophied or disarrayed myocytes
3. Arrhythmia
4. Heart failure
5. Death
6. Mural thrombi
7. Endocardial or subendocardial fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What system of the heart contraction does dilated cardiomyopathy influence

A

Systolic dysfunction causing impaired contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What system of the heart contraction does hypertrophied cardiomyopathy influence

A

Impaired diastolic function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What system of the heart contraction does restrictive cardiomyopathy influence

A

Impaired diastolic function = ventricle compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is arrythmogenic right ventricle cardiomyopathies cause

A

Autosomal dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do you find Libman Sacks endocarditis & the appearance of the vegetations

A

Located at mitral valve with small to medium vegetation that are sterile & non-friable away from line of closure
Tricuspid valve can be involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the chronic features of Libman Sacks endocarditis

A

Chronic = fibrosis & scaring with small blood vessels present mimicking rheumatic valvulitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a complication of NBTE

A

Can form thromboembolism but is not destructive of valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who is at risk for NBTE

A

In severely ill patients due to increase cytokines = prothrombotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who is at risk of mitral valve prolapse

A

In connective tissue disorder or Marfan’s syndrome

17
Q

What is 3 secondary/chronic changes in mitral valve prolapse

A
  1. Fibrous thickening of valve causing regurgitation
  2. Thrombi on surface towards atrium increasing risk for infective endocarditis/thromboembolism = stroke
  3. Calcification of floppy valve leading to arrhythmia
18
Q

What is 2 characteristic of floppy valve in mitral valve prolapse

A

Resulting in click on auscultation, ballooning backwards into left atrium during systole causing Chordae tendinae to elongate

19
Q

What is 3 consequences of calcified aortic stenosis

A
  1. Aortic cusps remain closing leading to angina/syncope due to poor perfusion
  2. LV hypertrophy due to pressure overload
  3. Congestive heart failure
20
Q

What is the location of carcinoid cardiac disease

A

Primary below diaphragm at GIT at IVC, affecting the ride side of the heart

21
Q

What is the consequence of carcinoid cardiac disease

A

Causing fibrinous thickening on right ventricle & tricuspid valve

22
Q

What is the 3 finding in dilated cardiomyopathy

A
  1. Dilation of 4 chambers causing eccentric hypertrophy = globular large heart with thinned ventricles
  2. Hypertrophied & disarrayed myocytes
  3. Subendothelial fibrosis
23
Q

What is the causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Alcohol, post partum, genetic (autosomal dominant) or physiological stress

24
Q

What is the cause of hypertrophied cardiomyopathy

A

Autosomal dominant

25
Q

What is the 3 finding in hypertrophied cardiomyopathy

A
  1. Hypertrophied left ventricle
  2. S shaped inter ventricular septum
  3. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathies (HOCM) blocking the left ventricle outflow tract
26
Q

What is the 3 finding in restrictive cardiomyopathy

A
  1. Infiltration/despotic in myocardium
  2. Atrium enlarge
  3. Subendocardial fibrosis
27
Q

What is the cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Idiopathic/lesions from amyloidosis or sarcoidosis

28
Q

What is the finding in arrhythmogenic right ventricle cardiomyopathy cardiomyopathy

A

Loss of cardio myocytes & replaced by adipocytes

29
Q

What is the 3 consequences of ARVCM

A

Right side heart failure causing arrhythmia & deaths

Case 4: Infective Endocarditis (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions