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Blood Bank CCMLS > Other blood groups > Flashcards

Other blood groups Flashcards

1
Q

i antigen is a minimally branched….

A

oligosaccharide

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2
Q

I antigen is a highly branched…

A

oligosaccharide

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3
Q

I and i antigens are present on what cells?

A

wbcs
plts
secretions

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4
Q

Is I antigen neg in adults rare or common?

A

rare

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5
Q

I/i antigens are what Ig?

A

IgM

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6
Q

anti-I are what type of antibody?

A

naturally occurring
benign
common autoantibody

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7
Q

raynaud’s sydnrome

A

cold agglutinin syndrome with anti I
pathologic anti I causes autoagglutination by binding C’

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8
Q

anti-I has a cross rxn w/ what bacteria?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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9
Q

anti-i has a cross rxn w/ what bacteria?

A

Infectious mononucleosis
creates potent anti-i

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10
Q

anti-IH complex

A

reacts strongest w/ O and A2 people
will not agglutinate group O cord cells
requires both anti-I and anti-H

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11
Q

anti- IA complex

A

antibody in B people
requires both anti-I and anti-A

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12
Q

anti H vs. bombay anti-H

A

anti-H: cold autoAb
bombay anti-H: strong alloAb

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13
Q

cold autoAb can cause what in an IAT?

A

all + rxns
may mask significant Ab
masking can occur at RT & AHG phase

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14
Q

cold autoAb can cause what in a ABO/Rh typing?

A

discrepancies in reverse grp
interfere w/ Rh control (+DAT)

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15
Q

cold alloAb vs cold autoAb

A

cold alloAb: IS/+000 37/0000
cold autoAb: IS/++++ 37/0000

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16
Q

O cord cells have what I antigen?

A

i
anti-I

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17
Q

O cells have what I antigen?

A

I
anti-i

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18
Q

P antigen is present on all human RBCs
true or false

A

true

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19
Q

P1 antigen

A

most common
varies in strength
poorly developed @ birth
deteriorates w/ storage

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20
Q

pK antigen

A

converted to P antigen

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21
Q

P1 phenotypes have what antigen?

A

P
P1
79% caucasians
94% african americans

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22
Q

P2 phenotypes have what antigen?

A

P
lacks P1 (make anti-P1)

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23
Q

P phenotype has what antigen?

A

none- null
can make anti-PP1Pk
called anti-Tja

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24
Q

p1k phenotype has what antigen?

A

vary rare
P1
pk
lacks P (make anti-P)

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25
Q

P2k phenotype has what antigen?

A

very rare
pk
lacks p1 and p

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26
Q

anti-P1

A

most common
IgM

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27
Q

hydatid cysts and pigeon egg is what?

A

P1 substance- neutralizes anti-P1 activity

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28
Q

anti-P

A

IgM
strong antibody
naturally occurring
rarely seen
Donath Landsteiner (PCH IgG w/ anti-P)

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29
Q

anti-PP1pk

A

naturally occurring
IgM some IgG
binds C’
strong hemolysin
anti Tja
HTR/HDN

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30
Q

Lea and Leb are produced by what enzyme?

A

glycosyl transferases

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31
Q

antigen production of Le/Le Le/le

A

fucosyl transferase adds fucose to subterminal sugar
needs H gene as well- type 1 chains

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32
Q

for Le/Le and Le/le type 1 chains are in what?

A

plasma
adsorbed onto RBC membrane

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33
Q

type 2 chains (Le/Le Le/le)

A

on RBCs no Le activity

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34
Q

Se gene codes for what?

A

fucosyl transferase

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35
Q

Le a+b+ is seen in what population?

A

very rare
Asian

36
Q

le/le means what antigens

A

no Lewis antigens produced
Le a-b-

37
Q

lewis antigens are strongly produced at birth
true or false

A

false: they are poorly developed at birth
seen 10 days after birth and it changes from Lea-b- to Lea+b- to Lea+b+ to Lea-b+ by 6 years of age

38
Q

Lewis antibodies are what Ig?

A

IgM

39
Q

Lewis antibodies can or cannot bind complement?

A

can

40
Q

Lewis antibodies are clinically significant
true or false?

A

false: not usually clinically significant

41
Q

Lewis antibodies are enhanced by enzyme treatment
true or false?

A

true
seen with lacy agglutination

42
Q

transfusion practices with Lewis

A

transfused cells shed Le Ag and take on recipients’ Ag
least significant Ab- hemolysis is rare

43
Q

for the MNS group what type is most common?

A

M+ N+ s+

44
Q

anti-S is the most ____ antibody

A

common

45
Q

normal RBCs carry 4 sialoglycoproteins what are they?

A

glycophorin A (M, N)
glycophorin B (S,s,U)
glycophorin C
glycophorin D

46
Q

M and N antigen features

A

co-dominant
show dosage
well developed at birth
on RBC Ag
built on glycophorin A
destroyed by enzymes

47
Q

what blood group antigens are enhanced by enzymes?

A

ABO H
Lewis
P
I
Rh
Kidd

48
Q

what blood group antigens are decreased by enzymes?

A

MNS
Duffy
Lutheran

49
Q

what blood group antigens are unaffected by enzymes?

A

Kell
Diego
Colton

50
Q

what substance neutralizes the activity of antibody for the ABO group?

A

saliva (secretor)

51
Q

what substance neutralizes the activity of antibody for the Lewis group?

A

saliva (secretor for Leb)

52
Q

what substance neutralizes the activity of P1 antibody?

A

hydatid cyst fluid
pigeon egg whites

53
Q

what lectin is useful in polyagglutination for A1

A

Dolichos biflorus

54
Q

what lectin is useful in polyagglutination for H

A

Ulex europaeus

55
Q

what lectin is useful in polyagglutination for N

A

Vicia graminea

56
Q

anti M is naturally occuring antibody of what Ig?

A

IgM

57
Q

does anit-M bind complement

A

no

58
Q

when is anti-M clinically significant?

A

when it reacts at 37*C or AHG

59
Q

anti N is less commonly seen than what antibody in the MNS group

A

anti M

60
Q

what is anti-Nf?

A

seen in dialysis patients where the equipment was sterilized with formaldehyde
alters N antigen

61
Q

S and s antigen features

A

co dominant
might show dosage
well developed at birth
primarily RBC antigen
built on glycophorin B
destroyed by enzymes

62
Q

U antigen features

A

high incidence antigen

63
Q

anti-S anti-s, anti-U antibodies

A

IgG
may bind complement
clinically significant
associated w/ HTR/HDN

64
Q

what population is S- s- U-?

A

small % of African Americans
must be transfused with U neg cells

65
Q

the Lutheran blood group has what antigens?

A

Lua and Lub

66
Q

Lutheran antigen features

A

co dominant
show dosage
poorly developed at birth
RBC antigens

67
Q

most common Lutheran pheotype

A

Lu a-b+

68
Q

Lu gene is on what chromosome?

A

19
linked to Se gene

69
Q

anti-Lua features

A

naturally occurring saline agglutinin
IgM, IgG, IgA
often not detected
clinically insignificant
may cause mild HDN

70
Q

why is anti Lua not often detected?

A

most reagent cells are Lua -

71
Q

what is a feature of Lua detection?

A

mf agglutination and lacy
randomly pops up at crossmatching test

72
Q

anti Lub features

A

immune mediated; some naturally occurring
IgG
may cause decreased survival of tranfused cells
associated w/ mild HDN
No severe hemolysis

73
Q

Kell has how many antigens?

A

~25

74
Q

what are the 6 most important antigens in Kell

A

K, k, Kpa, Kpb, Jsa, Jsb

75
Q

Kell antigens are what kind of antigens?

A

RBC- glycoproteins

76
Q

Kell antigen features

A

well developed at birth
show dosage
denatured by ddt, zzap, 2me

77
Q

K antigen

A

KEL1
very immunogenic
low frequency

78
Q

k antigen

A

KEL2
cellano
high frequency

79
Q

anti-K features

A

IgG
frequently seen
HTR/HDN
must give Ag- blood

80
Q

anti-k features

A

rarely seen
HTR/HDN
must give Ag- blood

81
Q

Kpa and Jsa features

A

low frequency antigens
Ab behave like antiK
easy to find - blood

82
Q

Kpv and Jsb features

A

high frequency antigens
Ab behave like antiK
hard to find Ag- blood

83
Q

Kx

A

in own system XK (Kell group thought to be K precursor)

84
Q

K0

A

silent allele
null phenotype
have only Kx on RBCs

85
Q

McLeod phenotype

A

appears like Knull
weak expression of k, Kpb, Jsb
RBCs decreased survival
RBC acanthocytes
ab. neuromuscular activity
may be assoc. w/ chronic granulomatous disease

Blood Bank CCMLS (7 decks)

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