intro to blood bank Flashcards
rbc membrane is freely permeable to
water
anions
o2
co2
rbc membrane is not freely permeable to
Na+
K+
Ca2+
RBC: 90% of energy is from what
anaeroboic gycolysis
methemoglobin reductase pathway keeps ____ in a _____ state
iron in a ferrous state
blood is stored at
1-6*C
if blood is kept longer than shelf life what is the effect
decreased ATP and 2,3 DPG
increased O2 affinity
less functional RBCs
loss of RBC viability w/ storage storage associated biochemical changes like
decrease in pH
increase in lactate
decrease in glucose availability
decrease in ATP
loss of RBC function (increase in K+ levels)
Additives (blood preservatives)
dextrose (support ATP production)
adenine (substrate for ATP prod.)
phosphate buffer to control pH
citrate to prevent clotting
effect of storage on coagulation factors in blood after 24 hours
decrease in labile coagulation factors
very few functional plts
additives of blood with a 21 day storage limit
CPD (citrate phosphate dextrose)
CP2D (citrate phosphate dextrose dextrose)
additives of blood with a 35 day storage
CPDA-1 (citrate phosphate dextrose adenine)
storage temperatures of WBC & RBCs
1-6*C
storage temperatures of plasma (FFP):
-18*C or less
storage temperatures of platelets
20-24*C
frozen RBCs @ -65*C or less for 10 years can be used for
autologous units
rare types
frozen RBCs must be ____ before freezing
coated in protective glycerol
rejuvenation solutions
used for rare units
rejuvesol
regenerates ATP and 2,3 DPG
Agglutination
clumping of particulate matter from interaction of Ab and Ag
agglutinin
antibody that agglutinates cells
agglutinogen
substance that stimulates production of agglutinin
acts as an antigen
sensitization of agglutination
antibody attachment
equilibrium constant
equilibrium constant
amount of Ab-Ag @ equilibrium
the higher the constant the higher the rate of association
affected by [ ] of Ab & Ag
lattice formation of agglutination
formation of bridges between sensitized cells
antibody specificity
primary determinant
type of Ab (IgM way better more connecting points- IgG not as good)
antigen antibody ratio
affects speed and antibody uptake
increase Ab = increased sensitivity
factors affecting sensitization
antibody specificity
antigen-antibody ratio
pH
temperature
incubation time
ionic repulsion
factors affecting lattice formation
zeta potential
enzymes
antihuman globulin
additional reagents
pH (sensitization)
optimal pH 7.0
temperature (sensitization)
IgM perform best when below 37C
IgG perform best @ 37C
incubation time (sensitization)
time allows for Ab uptake
ionic repulsion (sensitization)
created by Na and Cl ions
low ionic strength saline used to minimize the effect (or PEG)
zeta potential (lattice formation)
occurs due to a negative net charge on RBC from sialic acid
“ionic cloud”
True or False:
A foreign agglutinogen will trigger the production of an agglutinin.
True
True or False:
If we increase the amount of antibody in comparison to the amount of antigen during sensitization, the sensitivity will decrease
false
Prozone is
Antibody Excess
All of the following choices affect sensitization except:
Antigen-Antibody Ratio
Incubation Time
pH
Zeta potential
temperature
Ionic repulsion
zeta potential
